Abstract:Yellow soil is one of the main types of soil in Chongqing,and it has great influence on agricultural.By artificial rainfall simulation experiments,the paper was mainly studied on characteristics of runoff,sediment yield and its response of process of different slope and different rainfall intensity conditions on the arid hillside land with yellow soil.The results showed that:(1)Sediment transport rate increased with rainfall intensity increases,it was at a level of relative to the average to the heavy rainf...

Abstract:土壤表土结皮对坡面侵蚀过程具有重要影响,利用模拟降雨条件下土壤贯入和产流产沙试验,对不同降雨场次紫色土和黄壤表土结皮特征及坡面侵蚀响应进行研究。结果表明:(1)PT型贯入仪测定的贯入数值(P)与含水率(θ)成标准指数函数关系。(2)不同降雨场次表土结皮存在无结皮→弱结皮→强结皮→弱结皮→新结皮的动态发育过程,相同降雨条件下黄壤表土结皮强度大于紫色土的。(3)持续降雨过程不同降雨场次土壤表土结皮对溅蚀影响不明显,而与产流存在显著的动态响应关系,结皮强度越大产流量也越大,结皮对产流的影响随着降雨进行而有增大趋势,黄壤表土结皮的径流增加量大于紫色土的,而紫色土坡面结皮对产流量变化敏感程度大于黄壤。不同场次降雨过程土壤表土结皮对坡面侵蚀产沙影响存在差异,前4场降雨表土结皮强度与坡面侵蚀产沙有相同的变化趋势,4次降雨后土壤表土结皮表现为对坡面侵蚀有抑制作用。

Abstract:Difference structure stability were detected for brown soil collected from five typical land covers in the Yimeng mountainous area,and then the effect of soil structure stability on the sediment loss of total nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) were investigated for different land covers with the aid of field in-situ rainfall simulation tests.Results showed that,the soil structure stability was the strongest for hawthorn and arborvitae,moderate for weeds and honeysuckle,and the weakest for peanut.There were signi...

Abstract:Field plot experiment was carried out to study the effects of rice straw return on surface runoff of nutrients losses during the wheat growing season of intensive rice-wheat double-cropping season under natural rainfall conditions.The results showed that the total volume of surface runoff water reached 2 185.05 m3/hm2 during the whole wheat growing season,rice straw application(T1) decreased by 4.43% of the volume of surface runoff water,compared with the conventional fertilization(T0) treatment(p>0.05);Und...

Abstract:In order to explore the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff loss from paddy fields,the paper studied the rule of dynamic changes of TN and TP in surface water of paddy fields after fertilization and runoff loss from paddy fields by filed experiments conducted in Liyang and Yixing of Taihu region.The results showed that the concentration of TN in surface water both reached its maximum value at the first day after fertilization in the two field experiment sites,and then decreased rapidly.It desc...

Abstract:在重庆忠县坡度为11°的紫色土柑橘园,设中耕、覆盖、生草和清耕4种处理,用自动雨量记录仪记录降雨过程及降雨量,通过径流小区集水池测量不同耕作方式的地表径流量,取水样测定和统计地表径流中泥沙含量和流失量。结果表明:4种处理的地表径流量为清耕>生草>覆盖>中耕,相互处理间差异极显著,清耕年地表径流量分别比生草、覆盖和中耕高8.88%,10.79%和22.51%;处理间的地表径流水中的泥沙含量差异极显著,生草的泥沙含量分别比覆盖、清耕和中耕的低11.43%,38.00%和60.00%;不同耕作方式间的年泥沙流失量差异极显著,生草的泥沙流失量分别比覆盖、清耕和中耕的低10.84%,46.40%和58.99%。生草栽培可显著减少三峡库区坡地紫色土柑橘园的水土流失。

Abstract:The loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in sloping land is an important source of Agricultural non-point source pollution.In this research,the sloping red soil in Xiangyin county,Hunan Province was studied through a field experiment in order to discuss the effect of reducing fertilization on maize yield,the utilization ratio of fertilizer and the loss of N,P.The results showed that N,P fertilizer fluctuating within 20% of the conventional wuold not influnce maize yield very significantly.However,when fertilizer...

Abstract:A field experiment with building runoff ponds on the typical vegetable lands in Tai lake basin was conducted to study the characteristics the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus with surface runoff.The results showed that the mean annual discharge of nitrogen and phosphorus was different greatly,total nitrogen(TN) was 45.76 kg/hm2 to 60.45 kg/hm2,and total phosphorus(TP) was 2.67 kg/hm2 to 3.95 kg/hm2.Comparing with the conventional fertilization,optimum fertilization could reduce the discharge of nitrogen and ...

Abstract:An experiment under simulated rainfall in situ was carried out to find the relationship between the properties of soil and P loss in surface runoff at 6 sites by SPSS stepwise regression analysis method.The results showed that the average initial surface flow,flows lasts,amounts of runoff and rate of flow were not obviously differences.The fluctuation of runoff intensity in dry season is larger than rainy season.The initial and average runoff intensity of C-2,which is sandy clay loam(Yuanbao village,Dayu to...

Abstract:This study was conducted to investigate the hydro-dynamic mechanism of soil detachment and the erosion-reducing effects of grass root.Soil detachment rate was measured using a laboratory flume to study the relationships between it and slope gradient,flow discharge,and grass root.The experimental results indicated that soil detachment rate could be predicted accurately using slope gradient,flow discharge,and root density.The mean value of root-permeated soil detachment rate(switch grass) accounted for 30.6% ...

Abstract:Soil bioengineering is a kind of engineering by using living plant materials to construct the structures with some engineering and ecological functions,which can provide an effective means for the slope stabilization and site restoration of stream banks.It has broad prospects for development.The Liuli River in Huairou district of Beijing was selected to investigate.After 2-year implementation,simulated rainfall experiment was used to study on the effect of soil bio-engineering to reduce slope ersion.The res...

Abstract:In the study,rainfall and runoff data(1993-2008) by continuous observation were analyzed in order to map the characters of runoff and the hydrological effects in a small catchment of rubber plantation in Xishuangbanna,southwest China.The results showed that:With seasonal and annual dynamics,annual rainfall,annual runoff,annual runoff coefficient,and zero runoff days was 1 510.6 mm,361.3 mm,0.235 and 80.4 d respectively in the small RP catchment in Xishuangbanna.There were differences among the correlations ...

Abstract:In this study,based on typical land consolidation project conditions,WEPP model was used to simulate the effects of different terrace configuration on soil and water conservation under different slopes and precipitation intensities.By the combination of different slopes,rainfalls and the terrace numbers,30 scenarios were set to model the soil loss and sediment yield.The results showed that WEPP model could quantitatively describe the loss of soil conditions on the slope with the mechanism of physical proces...

Abstract:The soil conservation function of six forest types were studied in soil and water conservation experiment station of Linqu.The results showed that the Robinia pseudoacacia Linn.stand controlled the biggest soil erosion amount of 43.22 t/hm2,followed by stand of Quercus acutissima Carr.,Acer mono Maxim.,and Pistacia chinensis Bunge with the amount of 41.85,39.74,38.39 t/hm2.The Pinus thunbergii Parl and Platycladus orientalis(Linn.)Franco stand controlled the smaller amount of 31.32,29.41 t/hm2.From the vari...

Abstract:The soil erosion of sloping farmed in Three Gorges reservoir area is serious,which has been a threat to the ecological environment and the safety of the reservoir.Based on a 5-year fixed field expermient,an comparative analysis between the 2 hedgerows and CK to research the effects on soil physicochemical properties and soil erosion caused by plant hedgerows was carried out.The results showed that: The two plant hedgerows of Vitex negundo and Begonia fimbristipula had improved soil physical properties to va...

Abstract:Based on the long term(2002-2005) in situ runoff plots observation experiment in Yan gully catchment in Dean county,Jiangxi province,the characteristics of runoff and eroded sediment under different mixed and relay plantation types and their response to rainfall events were compared to identify the effects of mixed and relay plantation on the soil erosion of sloping orchard land.The interaction between the soil structure,soil water retention capacity and external environmental forces,such as rainfall,evapor...

Abstract:On the bases of the soil particle,fractal dimension and EPIC model,the effects of planting Herba andrographitis hedgerows on soil fractal feature and soil erodibility on sloping cropland of the Three Gorges reservoir area were studied.The results showed that: The hedgerows had a significant effect on interception of soil clay particles on slope,clay particles reached an enrichment around the hedgerows,and soil clay particles contents increased;Soil fractal dimension was correlated positively with silt and c...

Abstract:Comparison of the crop productivity,water and soil erosion and nutrient loss from runoff was conducted in different rotation patterns on slope farmland under farmer's common fertilization practice in Danjiangkou reservoir area.The results showed that,the highest crop productivity and the highest economic income were obtained in 'wheat-maize' and 'oilseed rape-maize' pattern,respectively,amongst the five rotation patterns;The total amount of runoff and soil erosion,and the amount of total phosphorus(TP) and ...

Abstract:The control treatment(irrigation with fresh water,CK),irrigation with saline water(SW),irrigation with saline water ice(MI),and irrigation with saline water ice and wheat straw mulch(MI+SW) was conducted to study the mechanism of soil water,salt and ion movement using soil column modeling experiment based on the melting process.The results showed that compared to irrigation with fresh water,soil salinity was more under the saline water treatment with the salt aggregation in the surface.However,irrigation wi...

Abstract:The soil of irrigated corn croplands with different farming years,in Hongsibu yang-huang irrigation area in Ningxia central profiles(degenerated desert steppe),were sampled and tested to analysis their evolution,profiles distribution,space-time correlation for the salt contents and salt ions and the basification characters in summer.During the oasisization of desert steppe,the profiles distribution of soil salt contents changed from surface-gathering,to uniformity or vibration,at last to bottom-gathering on...

Abstract:The effects of application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on available nutrients,water-soluble salt in soil and the growth of tomato were studied with an pot experimental method.The results showed that the contents of NO-3-N,available K,and water-soluble salt in soil were significantly increased as the increasing addition of N and K fertilizers.And there were significantly linear relationships between soil NO-3-N and rate of N fertilizer added,available K in soil and rate of K fertilizer added.Additi...

Abstract:A combination of careful irrigation and nitrogen(N) management is needed to improve N uptake efficiency and to minimize fertilizer N loss in the arid oasis agricultural area of northwest China.A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different irrigation and N application rates on plant N uptake,soil nitrate nitrogen(NO-3-N) distribution in soil profile and fertilizer N loss on no-tillage farmland with standing stubble in the oasis region of Shiyang river basin,Gansu province.The exper...

Abstract:通过水中溶出率法和田间玉米根下土埋法,研究聚合物包膜控释复合肥的养分释放特征及其对土壤中NO3--N和NH4+-N累积的影响。结果表明,浸提温度越低,控释复合肥的养分释放速率越慢,CRF1和CRF2在15℃的释放期分别是25℃的1.5,1.67倍,5℃的释放期皆为25℃的2倍;夏季CRF3田间养分释放速率稍慢于水中溶出速率,从第7天到第84天二者累积养分释放率平均变幅为3.12%;春季CRF4田间养分释放明显慢于水中溶出速率,最大变幅达31.8%;与CCF处理相比,施用控释复合肥能够显著提高玉米生长期耕层的NH4+-N含量和0-20 cm土层的NO3--N含量,显著减少20-40 cm土层的NO3--N的累积,且CRF3-H处理与CCF处理比较,在第14天和第84天时20-40 cm土层的NO3--N含量仍然表现为差异显著。因此,应根据不同地域的气候条件和作物需求,选用养分释放特征适宜的控释肥料,达到增效、节肥、安全、环保的目的。

Abstract:The relationships between soil enzyme activities and soil properties in acidified pear orchards were studied through field investigation and laboratory analysis.The correlation between enzyme activities and soil properties were evaluated by the methods of correlation and path analysis.The results showed that catalase,acid phosphatase and urease were significant differences with the increasement of soil depth in 4.0-4.5,4.5-5.0,5.0-5.5,5.5-6.0 ranges,in addition to invertase in 5.0-5.5 range.Meanwhile,water ...

Abstract:Soluble organic nitrogen(SON) is recognized as a sensitive of forest soil nitrogen status.In this study,the contents of soluble organic nitrogen in Robinia pseudoacacia,Fraxinus chinensis and Populus tomentosa plantation in saline land of the Yellow River delta.In this study,among the three forest stands,Robinia pseudoacacia had a significantly higher content of soil SON in 20-40 cm soil layers,being 26.99 mg/kg,while in 0-20 cm soil layers of Fraxinus chinensis had a significantly higher content of soil SO...

Abstract:In order to know the physical and chemical properties of protected vegetable soil,water content,total N,P,K and heavy metal content in the protected vegetable soil were studied in the north of Jiangsu province with the different years of cultivation(1,3,5,7 years).The results showed that water content significantly decreased with the increase of the cultivation time and soil depth.Total N,P and K contents in the protected vegetable soil were higher than the field soil,especially total N and total K contents...

Abstract:One-year-old Malus hupehensis grown in a pot were used in the present study to explore the effects of different sand/soil ratio(clay with no sand,sand/soil ratio=20%,40%,60%,80%,pure-sand)on growth and 15 N absorption,utilization,and loss using 15N trace technique.Results showed that there were different values of plant growth,15N absorption and utilization under different treatments.The value of plant growth(height,stem diameter and total dry weight)was highest(37.54 cm,3.457 mm and 30.46 g) under 20% trea...

Abstract:To research into the suitable using technology of biogas slurry on soybean,field experiment was applied to investigate the effects of biogas slurry on soybean yield,quality and nutrient absorption and soil chemical property.The results showed: The soybean yield treated with 100% biogas-residue,30% biogas-residue+chemical fertilizer and 20% biogas-residue+chemical fertilizer were increased by 1.02%,10.48% and 0.16% respectively than that treated with traditional fertilization;The soybean crude fat content in...

Abstract:In order to determine the effects of BJ2101-L super absorbent with various application methods,field experiments were conducted to investigate their effects on soil moisture and sunflower growth in Hetao irrigation district,Inner Mongolia.BJ2101-L super absorbent was applied with three treatmets of furrowing,mixing and broadcasting.The results showed that three application methods increased soil moisture against the control(no application BJ2101-L super absorbent),particularly there were significant effects...

Abstract:Data envelopment analysis methods(DEA) were used to establish sunflower quality evaluation model in this paper.And sunflower producing area in Jilin province was being as study area,and to explore the relative effectiveness of soil elements on sunflower quality.The study got two conclusions: One was that,53 soil samples showed that DEA were valid,and 5 samples were invalid.This indicated that,the effect of root soil element to sunflower quality was better in study area;the relationship between outputs with ...

Abstract:The fractionation of Pb in tea garden soils and the relationships between Pb fraction and soil properties,Pb contents in tea leaves were studied by collecting the tea garden soils from 12 tea gardens of Fenghuang mountain in east of Guangdong province.The results showed that the distribution of chemical fractions of Pb in the tea garden soils were decreased in the order: Residual-Pb>Fe/Mn oxides-Pb>exchangeable-Pb>organic-Pb>carbonate-Pb.Correlation analyses showed that soil organic matter was significantly...

Abstract:Distribution characteristics of catalase,phosphatase,urease,invertase and nitrate reductase activities in nine soil profiles at black belt in Heilongjiang province were studied.The results showed that five enzymatic activities reduced in turn from 0 cm to 40 cm layer but catalase,invertase,nitrate reductase activities got to stabilization or increased a little,while phosphatase,urease activities reduced sharply even to zero below 40 cm layer.Correlation analysis showed that there were notably correlation be...

Abstract:Aimed at dealing with the serious problems brought about by irrational fertilization which detered the growth,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Loess Plateau of east Gansu province,the present research had probed into the effects of different nitrogen fertilizers(ANP and UA) on yield formation of the flue-cured tobacco and its mechanisms,in 2009 in Zhengning county,Gansu.The results showed that:ANP significantly promoted the growth of roots and enhanced the activities of roots.Compared with UA trea...

Abstract:Vegetable lands in polytunnel greenhouse from coastal plain of eastern Zhejiang province with continuous cropping of 3-4 years,8-10 years,and more than 20 years,and rice-vegetable rotation cropping of 8-10 years and more than 20 years were selected for studying differences in soil microbial community and enzyme activities in vegetable lands with varying cultivation years and planting systems.Both newly-enclosed coastal land and reclaimed coastal land without vegetable cropping were also selected for compari...

Abstract:A 20-year experiment was conducted to study the effects of different tillage systems on accumulation and mineralization of organic carbon in purple paddy soil.The experiment included four tillage treatments: Conventional tillage with rotation of rice and winter fallow system,no-tillage and ridge culture with rotation of rice and winter fallow system,no-tillage and ridge culture with rotation of rice and rape system,and conventional tillage with rotation of rice and rape system.The results showed that the or...

Abstract:The effects of supplemental irrigation using catchment rainfall on water movement and production of rain-fed potato were studied by field experiments.The results showed that WUE of potato was higher in the supplemental irrigation treatment of 45 mm than other treatments at the seedling stage,and the storage of water in different soil depth was more least.With the increasing of irrigation amount,the production of potato was not increased significantly and WUE decreased significantly.The soil evaporation and ...

Abstract:采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,对滇中富源县境内华山松-栓皮栎混交林、旱冬瓜林、杨梅灌丛、云南松林、撂荒地5类群落类型的团聚体粒径组成及养分特征进行研究。结果表明,团聚体含量随着粒径(>5 mm,5～3 mm,3～1 mm,1～0.5 mm,0.5～0.25 mm,<0.25 mm)的增大及土层(0-10 cm,10-20 cm)的加深而逐渐增多;团聚体的养分含量也呈现一定差异,有机碳、全氮、全钾和水解氮含量随粒径的减小而增多;速效钾含量则随着粒径的减小先增后减。分析团聚体养分的碳、氮比值(C/N),得知撂荒地>云南松林>华山松-栓皮栎混交林>杨梅灌丛>旱冬瓜林,揭示C/N越小越有利于碳、氮等养分的循环与流动的规律。

Abstract:In order to assess the impact of land use change on soil particulate organic carbon(POC) in aggregates,the contents of POC of surface soil samples(0-10 cm,10-20 cm)were investigated in Jian'ou city,Fujian province,China.Results showed that the storages of POC in macroaggregates in woodlands and Citrus aurantium land increased with increasing of aggregate sizes of macroaggregates.The mean storages of POC in bulk soil in 0-20 cm decreased by 74.35% while natural forest conversed into other land use practices,...

Abstract:Use the seventh forest resource inventory data,based on the established regression equation between forest volumes and biomass for the different forest types,the forest area,volumes,biamoss,carbon storage and carbon density were estimated in Hefei.The results showed that forest was mainly distributed in three county(Feixi county,Feidong county and Changfeng county),with large proportion of young and middle age.The forest areas were 47 983.4 hm2,forest volumes were 523 239 m3,forest biamass were 231 260.87 t...

Abstract:为研究耕作方式对西南地区紫色水稻土总有机碳及颗粒态有机碳的影响,以1989年设立的位于西南大学农场的农业部重庆紫色土生态环境重点野外科学观测试验站内的长期免耕试验田为对象,研究在冬水田平作(DP)、水旱轮作(SH)、垄作免耕(LM)、厢作免耕(XM)和垄作翻耕(LF)5种不同耕作方式下,土壤中总有机碳(TOC)含量、颗粒态有机碳(POC)含量、颗粒态土壤质量分数和颗粒态有机碳分配比在土壤中的分布特点。结果表明,不同的耕作方式主要对表层土壤的TOC、POC分布产生显著影响,其中LM对提高积累TOC和POC贡献最大;0-60 cm土层TOC含量变化范围为7.10～34.45 g/kg,颗粒态土壤质量分数所占比例为30.38%～45.65%,POC含量为1.31～19.39 g/kg,各数值基本变化趋势都是随土壤深度的增加而减小。TOC与POC都可作为评价耕作方式影响紫色水稻土土壤质量变化与固碳能力的有效指标,但相同耕作制度下POC变化幅度更大,对其响应也更为敏感。从TOC和POC的关系来看,不同耕作制度下有机碳的增加与土壤物理保护能力的提高有关,免耕方式有利于有机碳以及颗粒态有机碳的保护和稳定。

Abstract:According to the quality principle of soil particle size distribution and theories of soil fractal,characteristics of soil particle fractal under 3 typical coverage grasslands of the area with high-frequency debris flow were studied in Jiangjiagou ravine.The research showed that:Under different coverage grassland,soil particle size distribution had different fractal characteristics,its fractal dimension was between 2.520 8 to 2.669 1,and the order was low coverage grassland>middle coverage grassland>high co...

Abstract:In this paper,soil respiration rate of Medicago sativa L and Astragalus adsurgens Pall grassland in wind-water erosion crisscross region on the Loess Plateau were measured to understand the response of soil respiration in vegetated grassland to water and plant density and to relate soil respiration with environmental factors.The results showed that water adding significantly accelerated soil respiration rate(P<0.01),while the response of soil respiration to plant density varied with plant species.The season...

Abstract:选取南川喀斯特山地3种不同土地利用方式(灌草丛、耕地、石漠化地)下的表层岩溶泉水为研究对象,通过对3个泉水进行一个水文年的水温(t)、pH、电导率(EC)、HCO3-、NO3-、SO42-、Cl-、Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+、K+等水化学指标的测定,结果发现:3个泉水的t、pH、EC及主要阴阳离子都表现出了一定的差异,在t、EC及NO3-、SO42-、Cl-、Na+浓度上,表现为灌草丛泉水<耕地泉水<石漠化地泉水,在K+浓度上,表现为耕地泉水>石漠化地泉水>灌草丛泉水。3个泉水HCO3-+Ca2+占所测9种主要离子的比例分别为87.1%,71.8%,62.9%。泉水的HCO3-浓度及HCO3-+Ca2+占所测定的9种主要离子的比例由灌草丛泉水→耕地泉水→石漠化地泉水逐渐减少。这说明EC、NO3-、SO42-、Cl-、Na+、HCO3-等泉水水化学指标可以作为不同土地利用方式和植被覆盖变化的重要指标。

Abstract:Because of precipitation serves as one of major approaches of nutrient input into the forest ecosystem,the accurate measurement of its volume and ion concentration is of prime importance in an evaluation of nutrient biogeochemical cycle.The contents of six nutrient elements(Ca,Fe,K,Mg,Mn,Zn) in through-fall,stem-flow and litter water were measured in the larch forest of North Mountain of Hebei Province.The results showed that:(1)Precipitation canopy layers after its hydrochemistry characteristic obviously c...

Abstract:对冀北山地阳坡不同海拔蒙古栎天然林分枯落物层及土壤层进行了初步研究,结果表明:(1)样地二(海拔1 180 m)的枯落物总蓄积量最大为33.18 t/hm2,其次为样地三(海拔1 260 m),最小为样地一(海拔1 100 m),为14.20 t/hm2,即随海拔升高枯落物总蓄积量先增大后减小。最大持水率的变动范围为140.83%～229.81%,随海拔升高而降低。样地二的有效拦蓄力最强,为39.22 t/hm2,样地三拦蓄能力最弱,为20.58 t/hm2,即中海拔拦蓄能力最强,高海拔最弱。(2)枯落物吸水速度在开始1 h内较快,6 h后下降速度逐渐减慢。未分解层枯落物与半分解层枯落物持水量与浸泡时间呈明显对数关系(Q=aln(t)+b),吸水速率与浸泡时间呈明显幂函数关系(V=ktn)。(3)土壤容重均值最大的为样地三(1.28 g/cm3),最小的为样地二(1.08 g/cm3),即随海拔升高先减小后达到最大。(4)样地三的土壤有效持水量最大,为98.75t/hm2,样地二的最小,为53.38 t/hm2,即高海拔土壤持水能力最强。利用幂函数对土壤入渗速率与入渗时间进行拟合,结果显示相关系数都在0.97...

Abstract:Taking the 250 hm2 natural spruce forest ecosystem in the middle Tianshan mountains as study object,with the method of combining watershed test and water balance,the water quantity were analyzed synthetically to determine the effects of different ecosystem components.The results showed that:(1)The 80.39% of the rainfall distribution was completed in the soil layer during the water transformation process;The canopy interception rate was 17.92% of the rainfall.And the influence of forest interception on water...

Abstract:On the loess-palaeosol slope in Yangling,there was little Barbula vinealis grown on the paleosol outcrop,while it grew well on the loess outcrop.The chemical and physical properties of loess and paleosol samples,and an indoor culture experiment were carried out.The results showed,for the contents of fine particles,the available K,available Fe,available Mn and organic matter,the values of paleosol were higher than those of loess,and as for the CaCO3 and available P,the content values of loess were higher tha...

Abstract:Test collecting 6 typical soils at water fluctuation zone of Pubugou hydropower station in Sichuan,through the release of phosphorus indoor simulation experiment to study the changes of soil at water fluctuation zone and the relation between nutrients contents of soil and phosphorus release in alternately waterlogged and drained condition,the study was carried out in order to provide a reasonable reference for preventing eutrophication of hydropower station water and the scientific development of water fluc...

Abstract:通过沿河实地调查和在河流出口断面的月取样监测,探讨巢湖典型支流柘皋河水质时空变化特征及污染来源。结果表明:柘皋河上游河段水质较好,属于Ⅱ～Ⅲ类水质,但也达到了富营养化水平,营养盐主要来自附近农田;中部柘皋镇段污染严重,水质属于Ⅴ类和劣Ⅴ类,达到重度富营养化水平,该河段及其下游河段的水生生态系统受到极大影响,污染主要来源为柘皋镇未处理生活污水的直接排放;中下游支流及下游河段水质属于Ⅲ～Ⅴ类,富营养化比较严重,水质既受上游影响,也与下游农业、生活和河道内污染来源有关。柘皋河河口处水质有明显的季节变化特征,硝态氮冬春季高于夏季,而总磷则相反,即夏季高于冬春季。磷是水体富营养化最重要的限制性元素,在夏季普遍达到了富营养化水平。柘皋河污染来源是混合型的,且有累积性特征,应采取综合手段对其污染进行防治,才能逐渐恢复柘皋河生态和环境功能,并减少污染物向巢湖的输送。

Abstract:Characteristics of heavy metals release from coal waste and potential ecological risk assessment of contaminated soil around coal waste piles were studied.The results showed that:(1)Residual fraction was the main fraction of heavy metal in coal waste,such as Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr and Cd accounted for 56.86%,53.27%,72.01%,68.61% and 75.93%,which could not easily release from coal waste,but few acid soluble fraction and oxidizable fraction could release and contaminate the soil;(2)Soil heavy metal contents decreased wi...

Abstract:This work was conducted to study the leaching characteristics and release kinetics of heavy metals copper(Cu),lead(Pb) and cadmium(Cd) in polluted purple soil through column experiment.The results manifested that,the release mechanism of heavy metals in purple soil appeared to be consisted of two phases involving the initial rapid process(leachate less than 2 000 ml) followed by a slow continuous process.In rapid process,the concentrations of heavy metals in leachate were comparatively higher,and the releas...

Abstract:The pot experiments were performed to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer forms(NH+4-N and NO-3-N) on growth and Pb accumulation characteristics of Picris japonica Thunb.under Pb stress(2 000 mg/kg).The results indicated that,under the Pb stress,a moderate nitrogen fertilizer could be beneficial for the growth of Picris japonica Thunb.and its accumulation capacity for Pb.On the contrary,the growth of Picris japonica Thunb.and the Pb accumulation could be inhibited with an excessive nitrogen ferti...

Abstract:为探讨螯合诱导修复技术的作用机制,研究2种低分子有机酸即柠檬酸和苹果酸对土壤中重金属Pb各形态的影响。结果表明,对于人工模拟不同污染程度的PbⅠ～PbⅣ土壤,随着柠檬酸和苹果酸添加浓度的升高,土壤中最具活性的可交换态Pb百分含量均有不同程度的提高,从而达到了活化重金属Pb的目的;Pb活化效果随柠檬酸浓度升高而升高,随苹果酸浓度升高呈先上升后基本不变趋势,当有机酸浓度为10,20 mmol/kg时,苹果酸和柠檬酸活化Pb效果分别达到最优;二者相比,柠檬酸活化Pb效果优于苹果酸的活化效果。