Abstract:长江三峡中更新世的贯通,导致川中丘陵区河流的急剧下切,两岸广袤的平原被沟谷肢解为起伏的丘陵,现今孤立的丘顶是河流下切前的平原面,沟谷的盆腔体积表征了急剧下切以来的侵蚀量。我们选择内江附近的小河沟流域为研究小流域,采用DEM法测算了沟谷的盆腔体积,并根据阶地绝对年龄,计算了流域的自然侵蚀速率;还估算了流域内的松散堆积物体积,计算了流域的自然泥沙输移比。小河沟流域集水面积10.88 km2,侵蚀沟谷盆腔体积6.57亿m3。IV级高平原阶地和Ⅲ级阶地砂砾层的绝对年龄分别以0.7M a和0.4M a计,相应的自然侵蚀模数分别为216 t/(km2.a)和378/(km2.a),和沱江川中丘陵区区间的现代输沙模数397 t/(km2.a)非常接近。流域内松散堆积物总体积不超过200万m3,流域的自然泥沙输移比为0.997,接近于1。

Abstract:通过黄河下游多断面、多钻孔、深层次泥沙淤积物取样级配分析,认为在1960年三门峡水库运行前,下游河道主槽淤积物中0.1 mm以上泥沙占一半。以0.1 mm为粗泥沙集中来源区界定研究中的粗泥沙界限,0.1 mm的粗泥沙输沙模数1 400 t/(km2.a)为粗泥沙集中来源区界定指标,界定出黄河中游粗泥沙集中来源区面积为1.88万km2。该区面积仅占黄河中游多沙粗沙区面积(7.86万km2)的23.9%,但该区产生的全沙量、d≥0.05 mm和0.1mm的粗泥沙量分别占多沙粗沙区相应输沙量的34.5%,47.6%和68.5%,说明该区是名符其实的产粗泥沙“大户”,是当前黄河粗泥沙“源头”治理的重中之重。

Abstract:The concentrations of 10 nutrient elements(N,P,SiO_2,K,Ca,Mg,Cu,Fe,Zn,Mn)in rainfall,throughfall,stemflow,surface runoff of inside and underground flow were measured in Cinnamomum camphor plantation.The results showed that concentrations of the nutrients in the rainfall varied according to month.The concentration sequence of the nutrient elements in precipitation gone as follows:Ca>SiO_2>Zn>NH_4-N>K>NO_3-N>Fe>Mg>Mn>P>Cu.The concentrations of the nutrients in stemflow,throughfall also varied in same way and change seasonally,most of the nutrient elements concentration were increased.The sequence of the nutrient elements contained in stemflow,throughfall were K>Ca>NH_4-N>SiO_2>Mg>NO_3-N>Zn>Mn>Fe>P>Cu;Ca>K>Zn>SiO_2>NH_4-N>NO_3-N>Mg>Mn>Fe>P>Cu.The concentrations of SiO_2,Fe,Zn in the stemflow,Fe in the throughfall were lower than those in the rainfall,while the concentrations of other elements are higher.Except to NH_4-N,K,a lower nutrients enrichment of NO_3-N,P,SiO_2,Ca,Cu,Fe,Zn,Mn in the stemflow was identified in the two items.

Abstract:With little rain, high temperature and serious soil erosion, the dry and hot river valley has very low soil water, the serious soil drification, found in other regains, which is being confronted in the course of construction of artificial vegetation in dry and hot river valley. Through using different measure of engineering preparation on slope, micro-slope was reconstructed, rainfall infiltration was strengthened, the results showed ; after reconstructing micro-slope with contour trench and contour terrace, the soil humidity environment of contour trench, contour terrace and their close slope obviously improved ; the difference of soil water of contour trench, contour terrace and natural slope slowly decreases from summit to fOOt of hill in dry reason, and the biggest difference was found, in the middle slope in raining reason; the soil water of contour terrace in western slope was much greater than that of northern and southern slope; within certain slope scope, contour terrace of smaller slope has greater soil water; contour terrace with much sand soil has greater soil water; after reconstructing micro-slope with contour trench and contour terrace, the accumulation time of soil water increases, which will benefit to the using of vegetation.

Abstract:The plot experiment of 11 land use types include 3 herb land, 3 shrub land, 4 arbor land and 1 farmland at Ansai soil and water conservation research station in loess hilly region were observed. Runoff datum and runoff and sediment nutrition content were analyzed in order to research the influence of different land use types on soil erosion and nutrition care effect. The obtained results showed that the mean runoff amount of herb land use type was 1 248 m^3/km^2, shrub was 843 m^3/km^2, arbor was 2 079 m^3/km^2, farmland was 10 672 m^3/km^2,t he mean sediment amount of herb land use type was 4.6 t/km^2, shrub was 1.0 t/km^2, arbor was 2.6 t/km^2, farmland was 169. 5 t/km^2, the mean runoff N amount of arbor land use type was 5.68 kg/km^2, shrub was 3.32 kg/km^2,herb was 2.49 kg/km2, farmland was 10. 80 kg/km^2, the mean runoff P2O5 amount of arbor land use type was 0. 29 kg/km^2, shrub was 0. 22 kg/km^2, herb was 0. 17 kg/km^2 Farmland was 0. 49 kg/km^2. The mean sediment N amount of arbor land use type was 2.69 kg/km^2, shrub was 1.18 kg/km^2,herb was 7.51 kg/ km^2, farmland was 139.95 kg/km^2. The mean runoff P2O5 amount of arbor land use type was 1.51 kg/km^2, shrub was 0. 54 kg/km^2, herb was 2.78 kg/km^2, farmland was 259.25 kg/km^2 So the herb and shrub vegetation should be rehabilitated and developed quickly in order to decrease soil erosion in loess hilly region. On the other hand, the arbor, shrub, herb land use types have good nutrition care effect compare with farmland.

Abstract:A batch experiment of the heavy metals contaminated soil with HCl,citric acid and EDTA was conducted to investigate removal of Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn by soil washing,and to explore the effects of soil washing on nutrient elements in the heavy metals contaminated soil.The results showed that soil washing effectively removed heavy metals,and that,in the same time,soil washing resulted in the loss of K,Ca,Mg,Fe and Mn,and decreased the availabilities of some nutrient elements in the heavy metals contaminated soil.The removal power of EDTA on heavy metal was much better than that of HCl and citric acid. The loss of K,Ca,Mg due to extracting of HCl was more than citric acid and EDTA.The loss of Fe due to extracting of citric acid was more than HCl and EDTA.The loss of Mn due to extracting of EDTA was more than HCl and citric acid.The extracting of HCl and citric acid decreased availabilities of K,Ca,Mg in the soil.The extracting of EDTA increased availabilities of K,decreased availabilities of Ca,and,in the high concentration(50 mmol/L),decreased the availabilities of Mg in the soil remarkably.The availabilities of Fe in the soil increased through extracting of three extractants,and the effect of EDTA was the most significant.In lower concentration,these 3 extractants could all increase the availabilities of Mn,and the effect of citric acid was the most significant.With increasing in the concentration of extractants,the availabilities of Mn decreased a little.

Abstract:A field experiment was conducted to study the characteristics of nutrient loss in hilly area of central Sichuan basin.There were 5 kinds of fertilization systems: application of N P K(NPK),straw returned to field alone(RSD),straw N(RSDN),straw N P(RSDNP),straw N P K(RSDNPK).Series water samples were collected from the different plots in each rainfall event.The results showed as follows: Returned straw significantly affected the soil erosion and runoff from slope cropland of purple soil.Compared with NPK,the sediment yield from the application with returned straw decreased by 70%~82%,the surface runoff decreased by 26%~31%,and the leaching amount increased by 30%~52%.Returned straw significantly reduced 60%~76% of the total nutrient loss.There were significant differences in the losses of nutrient of various treatment plots.The order of phosphorus loss was NPK >RSD> RSDNPK>RSDNP > RSDN,and the order of nitrogen loss was NPK > RSDN > RSDNPK>RSDNP> RSD.As to phosphorus,transported by surface runoff was the major way,and total particulate phosphorus was the major form in that way. PO~(3-)_4-P is major form of dissolved total phosphorus in surface runoff.On the other hand,PO~(3-)_4-P / DTP in leachate significantly decreased.As to nitrogen,transported by leaching was the major way,NO~-_3-N was the major form in leachate and there was not a same situation in surface runoff.

Abstract:According to the 5 years' observation,the study on the precipitation and runoff of man-made plant community in central Yunnan Plateau was conducted,and some results are as follows: the season distribution of precipitation in the area is uneven,the rainfall of wet season account for 86.64% of the year totals,the precipitation is mainly brought by rainfall with more than 10mm,and most of the rainfall intensities are less than 5 mm/h.Compared to wasteland,the forest land have a notable effect of soil and water conservation.In trial watershed,the runoff has a highly correlation with precipitation,and soil erosion is determined by runoff primarily,following the precipitation.

Abstract:The experiment was conducted at Yucheng comprehensive experimental station to study dynamic variety of soil organic matter and available nutrient content in winter wheat and summer maize a year under the conditions of straw mulching and irrigation in 2002-2003, the results showed it was important for straw mulching to increase organic matter in winter wheat and summer maize a year planting system. Under the conditions of without straw mulching, irrigation could decrease organic matter content, but under the conditions of straw mulching, the effects were unobviously. In growth stages of winter wheat, irrigation could decreased alkali-hydrolyzable. N content, and straw mulching could decrease the content greatly, the reason for this was eluviation. Available P was increased greatly under the conditions of straw mulching, and irrigation could increase the content greatly. Available K was increased greatly under the straw mulching conditions. In growth stage of summer maize, the treatments which irrigated in winter wheat growth stages could increase Available K content greatly.

Abstract:Geostatistics combined with GIS was applied to treatment and analyze the spatial variability of soil nutrients in topsoil(0~20 cm) in blacksoil crop area with different scales.The results indicated that the semivariogram of organic matter content and available nitrogen were best described by Gaussian model in large scale;The semivariogram of OMC was fited by sphericity model;the AN was best fitted by exponential model in small scale;and available phosphorus was best fitted by linear model in both scales.CV of AP was changed bigest of all nutrents.The analysis also showed that the spatial auto-correlations of soil nutrients are very different in different scales,which indicated the change was impacted by different ecological process.

Abstract:采用田间试验和化学分析方法．研究了3种缓释复合肥对覆膜早作水稻生长、产量、叶片氮素形态、氮肥利用率和稻米品质的影响。结果表明．施用高氮型无机型缓释复合肥（SRF1）条件下，覆膜早作（DF）水稻植株生长、产量、氮素营养和稻米品质优于常规淹水栽培（CF），DF和CF的氮肥表观利用率分别为64．90％和37．15％。同为覆膜早作时．施用高氮型有机无机缓释复合肥（SRF1）的水稻农艺性状、产量及分蘖期和孕穗期植株叶片氨基酸、NO2^- -N含量较高，而植株叶片蛋白氮和全氮含量以高氮型无机缓释复合肥处理（SRF1）较高，氮肥表观利用率和农业利用率均以SRF2〉SRF1〉SRF3，氮肥生理利用率差异不大。覆膜早作和施用缓释复合肥能提高稻米营养品质，稻米氨基酸和蛋白质含量与水稻分蘖期叶片的蛋白氮和全氮含量皆呈显著正相关。

Abstract:Research on the variation of nitrogen in the rice-soil-water system under 5 different nitrogen amount treatments and their effects on environment was conducted in Yuhang experimental station of Zhejiang in 2003. The results indicated that the N content in the rice, paddy soil, surface water and leakage water were greatly influenced by different N application amounts. The N use efficiency was low, 70%-80% of fertilizer nitrogen applied were transited into environment. The loss of fertilizer is very high when N applied in rice transplanting time and with high N proportion. The accumulation of soil N content in the paddy is not clear during the first three rice growth stages, but the final effect of the fertilizer on soil N in the last stage is obvious. There is no benefit to soil N if use of nitrogen fertilizer is under 150 kg/hm^2. The proportion of chemical nitrogen contributed to soil N increase account for 30 %-40 % of total chemical N entering the environment amount. The concentration of nitrogen in the surface water reached its maximum value at the first day after N fertilizer applied. The concentration of nitrogen in the surface water was greatly reduced to a CK level after one week, so a week after N fertilizer application is a critical period to avoid the N loss. The chemical N loss is very low through leakage water, but it will pollute water environment after a long time of rice cultivation when the N fertilizer amount exceeds 225 kg/hm^2.

Abstract:The dynamic changes of main nitrogen forms in floodwater of paddy field under different fertilizer rates was studied in Shuangqiao farm,Jiaxing city,Zhejiang province.Soil urease activities was used to explain the mechanisms of nitrogen conversion in floodwater.The results showed that total nitrogen(TN) and ammonia nitrogen(NH~ _4-N) concentration and the ratio of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen(NH~ _4-N/TN) in floodwater of each treatment boosted up during the 1~3 days after fertilization and the peak values after the 2nd topdressing was lower than that after the 1st topdressing,and then decreased drastically,maintained at relatively low level after 5 days;it was proved that the first 5 days after fertilization was the most important period of nitrogen especially ammonia nitrogen loss.There was the similar trend of soil urease activities with nitrogen in floodwater.According to the linear correlation analysis,the relationship between NH~ _4-N/TN in floodwater and soil urease activities reached the remarkable and positive relevant level.It was indicated that soil urease activities played a key role in nitrogen conversion in soil-water interface of paddy field.

Abstract:Inorganic nitrogen leaching loss was estimated with porous pottery tube on a rice field at the Shenyang Ecological Experimental Station,Chinese Academy of Sciences.The results obtained could be summarized as follows: The ammonium leaching loss was negligible(< 2 mg/L)after N fertilization,but the leached amount of nitrate was increased with increasing N application rate,being 0.096~21.65 mg/L at 60 cm depth,and 0.87~14.91 mg/L at 90 cm depth.Water penetration rate had a strong effect on nitrate leaching.When the penetration was faster or nitrogen rate was higher,more than 10 mg/L of nitrate(the international sanitation standard of drinking water) was found in the leachate.The peak of ammonium and nitrate leaching loss was appeared soon after basal dressing,but at 10 days or more after tillering or earing stage-topdressing,and the loss amount was also higher after basal dressing.

Abstract:Two summer maize cultivars,Zhengdan958 and Nongda108,were used,and the effect of different types of nitrogen fertilizer(NF) and different application rates on water and nitrogen utilization and apparent budget of soil nitrogen were studied.The main results are as follows:(1)With the increment of N application rate,yield,water use amount and water produce efficiency(WPE) increased but nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) decreased.(2)There existed obvious genotype difference in WPE and NUE in summer maize.WPE of Zhengdan958 was bigger than that of Nongda108,and NUE of Nongda108 was bigger.(3)WPE and NUE were affected by type of NF.As for WPE of Zhengdan958,compound fertilizer>common urea>coated urea,but the difference among treatments of Nongda108 was smaller,that of compound fertilizer was bigger and that of the other two type of NF was equal nearly.Compared with common urea,NUE of coated urea and compound fertilizer was bigger,especially when 90 kg N/hm~2 for Zhengdan958 and 180 kg N/hm~2 for Nongda108.(4)After summer maize season,all treatments of two cultivars showed soil N deficit(SND) and the amount of SND decreased with the increment of N application rate.In common,amount of SND of Zhengdan958 was bigger than that of Nongda108.The amount of soil N apparent deficit of three type NF showed compound fertilizer>coated urea>common urea.

Abstract:Wind erosion is one of the main causes of land degradation and one of the most serious problems in the north Ecotone of China.Rhizobia and humic-acid can do better with soil property because it can make the particle bigger,and it will be used as preventing wind erosion availably.The effect of preventing wind erosion and economy are different with other technique,but it has not been studied yet.It will be analyzed the effectiveness of preventing wind erosion with rhizobia and humic-acid based on wind tunnel experiment,and the amounts of wind erosion will be compared with different land type.From the result of analysis,they have some merits.On one hand,it is obvious to prevent wind erosion with inoculated rhizobia and humic acid fertilizer by adding soil particles aggregates,the technique is popularized widely,and the cost is very low(compared to PAM);on the other hand,it can improve the fertility of soil and benefit.

Abstract:Based on the field investigation and indoor analysis,we study on the characteristics of soil water-stable aggregates and soil properties during vegetation rehabilitation in typical grassland of hilly-gullied loess area,and analysis the relationship between them by canonical correlation analysis.The results show that: In terms of vegetation succession stages,the contents of big gravel soil water-stable aggregates increased,the >5 mm aggregate is priority in different layers,about 50%~80%.The 5~2 mm aggregate is second main component.The mean value of >5 mm aggregate in 2 m layers show that Stipa gradiss Community >Stipa bungana Trin Community>Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb community>Thymus mongolicus Ronn community>Hierochloe ordorata community.Physical clay,organic matter and total nitrogen are the key factors that influenced the total water-stable aggregates.Total nitrogen and organic matter are the comprehensive factor that influenced the water stable macroaggregates which are >5 mm and 1~0.5 mm.The ferralic oxide,ferralic aluminum and physical clay are the comprehensive factor which influence the water stable microaggregates which are 2~1 mm and 0.5~0.25 mm.The main factors can be divided into comprehensive physical factor(physical clay and clay),comprehensive chemical factor(total nitrogen,organic matter) and comprehensive mineral factor(ferralic oxide and ferralic aluminum).

Abstract:The distribution of organic carbon and labile organic carbon along soil profile in swamp soil and peat soil in Ruoergai alpine wetland were studied.The results showed that the contents of SOC and TN in swamp soil had a descending trend along soil profile but increased at 16~18 cm which was related with the source of SOM and the sediment environment at that time.The contents of SOC in peat soil did not show the same descending trend along soil profile but showed an ascending trend from surface layer to 22 cm and descending trend from 22 cm to 30 cm.The distribution characteristics of TN in peat soil were different from that of SOC.The contents of TN in peat soil were high at 0~10 cm and decreased downwards.The contents of LC in swamp soil had a descending trend along soil profile and changed from 13.6 mg/g to 2.4 mg/g;hence the vertical distribution variance index was 53.25%.The contents of LC in peat soil did not show obvious change trend and changed from 30 mg/g to 45 mg/g;hence the vertical distribution variance index was 11.62%.LC was 3%~17% of SOM in swamp soil and 7%~12% in peat soil.The maximum of L in swamp soil and peat soil was not at surface layer but below surface(8~10 cm).

Abstract:With soil-resin-core equipment, the difference of nitrogen mineralization and its correlation with NO3^- - N leaching were studied. Results indicated that large changes in N mineralization, nitrate leaching and available N were found in acid purple soil for vegetable cultivation, while N mineralization and nitrate leaching varied less in the other soil. Statistic analyses indicated that the content of N mineralization significantly influenced the amount of nitrate leaching in the acid purple soil. Significant correlations were observed between N mineralization and NO3^- -N losses while there did not exist correlation in the other two soil. The results indicated that N mineralization and nitrate leaching varied with different soil types.

Abstract:利用原状回填土渗漏池研究了油菜生长季节氮素在紫色土中的移动特点和淋洗损失以及影响氮素移动和淋失的因素。结果表明．油菜生长期间氮素的渗漏淋失星波浪式的变化．在移栽后的第10天、40天、90天和110天左右出现了4次淋洗峰；油菜季各处理氮素淋失总量变动在1．81～5．43kg／hm^2．平均为3．35kg／hm^2；油菜季氮素淋失量，前期（移栽后0～50天）：中期（51～100天）；后期（101天～收获）约为3：1：2。降雨量、氮肥用量、肥料品种和土壤性质影响了NO3^- -N在紫色土中的移动和淋失。

Abstract:Polyacrylamide is widely used as soil conditioner to improve soil capacity for water retention and anti-erosion,while its impact on soil nutrients' retention and release is not clear.In this paper,Lou soil was amended with PAM at varied ratios of 0.1%,0.2% and 0.4%,and technique of phosphorus isotherm absorption and desorption was employed to study the effect of PAM on phosphorus retention and release in Lou soil.The results showed that PAM amended with soil can prohibit the physical absorption of phosphorus and led to decrease of absorption amount and maximum adsorption amount(X_m),but the effect PAM on phosphorus chemical absorption is small.Soil amended with PAM increase the release of absorbed phosphorus,especially for the physical absorbed phosphorus.

Abstract:通过室内培养实验，初步研究了重金属Cd、Pb影响下。猪粪和玉米秸秆在土壤中的分解与转化规律。结果表明；添加重金属后。有机物料的分解与转化和有机物料种类、用量以及重金属类型有关。一般来看，与不添加重金属的非污染土相比。有机物料低用量（1％用量）条件下。单加Cd有抑制其分解的趋势，单加Pb则有促进其分解的趋势．同时加Cd、Pb也有抑制其分解的趋势；而高用量（5％用量）条件下，无论单加还是同时加Cd、Pb都有抑制其分解的趋势。有机物料低用量时更有利于胡敏酸（HA）形成，而高用量时则更有利于富里酸（FA）形成。有机物料低用量使HA、FA的分子结构都变得复杂化。从环境保护和提高经济效益两方面综合考虑，重金属污染土壤中有机物料施用量不宜过高。

Abstract:Experiments were carried out to study the effect of green manure application on soil chemical,physical and biological properties in tobacco field of Xiangcheng,Wuyang,Yexian and Luoshan in Henan province.The green manures sowed between the September and October in 2003 and the application of green manures was in the March of 2004.The treat ment of each green manure is 1/3 hm~2,and 1/15 hm~2 is the contradistinction in it.Results indicated that the application of green manuresmay decrease the soil bulk density affectively and adjust the soil pH,meanwhile it may also result the soil microbial biomass to increase greatly. The result shows Soil bulk density can be reduced 0.03~0.1 g/cm~3,the soil pH can be reduced 0.1~0.6 and soil organic matter can be increased 0.08%~0.1% with the application of green manures.Thus,application of greenmanures may enhance the soil fertility and be favorable to the sustainable development of tobacco production.

Abstract:采用田间采样及室内培养方法，对内蒙古武川县耕地、退耕还灌地和放牧草原3种类型土地土壤微生物各类群的数量分布和层化比率进行了研究。结果表明：在土壤耕作层（0～30cm）土壤微生物数量呈逐层下降趋势，3种类型土地的土壤微生物总数相差不大，3种类型土地土壤微生物层化比率存在明显差异。同时提出了土壤微生物层化比率的概念，并认为土壤微生物层化比率可能是一个比较好的指示动态土壤质量（土壤演替方向）的指标，当一个区域土壤微生物层化比率大于2时，土地一般不会发生退化现象。在研究的3块实验区域中，耕地存在较高的退化风险．退耕还灌地正处于逐步恢复的阶段，放牧草原依然存在逐步退化的趋势。

Abstract:Heavy metal contents in top soils in agricultural soils of Zhejiang province and their differential characteristics and effecting factors were studied in the presented paper through field soil investigation.Averages of total Cd,Cr,Pb,Zn,Cu and Ni,except As and Hg,in the 904 selected soil samples were higher than the contents in top soils based on the second general survey of soil of Zhejiang province.The result showed that most of the heavy metal contents were enhanced excessively contrasted with the background values of Hangjiahu plain,Zhejiang province,China and the whole world.It was found that heavy metal contents exceed the threshold levels according to the second grade of standards for soil environmental quality of China(GB15618-1995),the index of exceed the provided standard of Cd,Ni,Hg,Pb,Cu,Cr,As and Zn were 10.72%,9.70%,6.80%,5.35%,3.43%,3.03%,1.80%and 1.04%,respectively.Moreover,land use,parent material and soil type were analyzed by the variance analysis to study the influence to heavy metal concentrations in agricultural soils by these effective factors.

Abstract:腐殖酸作为湖泊沉积物中有机质的主要成分．对重金属具有强烈的富集能力，从而影响湖泊沉积物中重金属向水中的释放。本文深入探讨了腐殖酸的不同组分对沉积物中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd向水中释放的影响。结果表明：腐殖酸的添加使沉积物中重金属的释放置明显受到影响。Cu、Zn、Pb、CA4种重金属随着胡敏酸和富里酸的添加．释放量逐渐增加，并且两种腐殖酸的用量越大．重金属的释放量越大。向沉积物中加入同等量的胡敏酸、富里酸，两种腐殖酸对重金属释放的促进作用胡敏酸〉富里酸。向沉积物中加入不同用量的富里酸FA，沉积物中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的释放率分别为73％～80％，18．5％～22％，7．5％～10％．97％～99％；而在相同条件下，向沉积物中加入不同用量的胡敏酸HA，对以上4种重金属的释放率分别为66．5％～72％，15．5％～19．5％．6％～8．5％，96％～98．5％。在腐殖酸用量相同的情况下，溶液的pH对沉积物中重金属的释放也会产生影响。即随着pH值上升．释放量逐渐减少。当pH=8时，释放量基本上已不再发生变化，说明此时沉积物中的重金属基本上与腐殖酸的羧基反应完毕。

Abstract:Based on current situation of heavy metal contamination of vegetables in Chongqing, pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of certain chemical additives, such as limestone, humic acid, sodium sulfide and sodium selenite, on heavy metal uptake of asparagus lettuce and concerning mechanism in soil. Results showed that proper input of limestone and humie acid could significantly reduce mercury concentration in asparagus lettuce, whereas sodium sulfide could reduce lead uptaken by asparagus lettuce. According to the safety of agricultural products, the best chemical additives and their dosages which could reduce mercury, cadmium, and lead were obtained. Application of 10.0 g/kg of limestone, 2. 67 g/kg of humic acid sulfide and 2.19 mg/kg sodium selenite had the most effective results on reduction of mercury in asparagus lettuce, and input of 10.0 g/kg of limestone could most effectively decrease the cadmium concentration in asparagus lettuce. Meanwhile, 10. 0 g/kg of limestone, 2.67 g/kg of humic acid, and 0. 47 mg/kg of sodium sulfide could best reduce lead concentration in asparagus lettuce.

Abstract:In order to study the heavy metals contamination of street dusts in core zone of Chongqing city,the total contents and extracted heavy metal content by simulated acid rain of As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Pb,Zn were analyzed,meanwhile,corresponding properties including pH,organic matter(OM),total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP) and total potassium(TK) were also analyzed.The results showed that: (1) in different functional zone,the medium size particle account for about 50% of the total street dust.The contribution of different size particle to heavy metal content as follows: for different element,the finer the particle,the greater the contribution is,but for different functional zone,the medium size particle almost has the same contribution as the finest particle;(2) the street dust were alkaline and had potential organic pollution;(3) the total heavy metal contents of street dusts in Chongqing had great difference,and the elements seriously influenced by people were Cr,Cd,Hg and Cu;(4) the Nemerow comprehensive index indicated that the street dusts were contaminated by seven kinds of heavy metals except for Ni,while all functional zones were polluted seriously;(5) the total heavy metal contents of street dusts in Chongqing only had remarkably positive correlation with TP.

Abstract:Effects of stress of copper,cadmium on carbon and nitrogen assimilate translocation in winter wheat were investigated in a potted plant culture experiment.The six treatments were Cu_1(100 mg/kg),Cu_2(200 mg/kg),Cu_3(300 mg/kg) and Cd_1(10 mg/kg),Cd_2(50 mg/kg),Cd_3(100 mg/kg),and CK(0mg/kg) was no heavy metal.The results showed that,compared with CK,Cu,Cd reduced the amounts and remobilization rate of pre-anthesis stored assimilates and total amount of pre-anthesis stored assimilate and grain weight.Effects of Cu_2,Cd_2 treatments on that of leaf and Cu_3,Cd_2 treatments on that of stalk and sheath and total amount were the maximum.The amounts of pre-anthesis stored nitrogen and nitrogen accumulation in grain were reduced with increasing of the concentration of copper and cadmium.But changes of remobilization rate of pre-anthesis stored nitrogen were complicated.The grain yield and content of starch and protein were reduced with increasing of the concentration of copper and cadmium.

Abstract:Ca~(2 ),Mg~(2 ) contents of cave water and their changes are the basic and direct reflecting carriers to the maturity of speleothems.The samples of surface water,bedrock water and cave water were gathered and analysed,such conclusions were drawn:(1) There is no great vibration of Ca~(2 ),Mg~(2 ) contents in cave water,with a 44~52 mg/L content of Ca~(2 ) and 32~45 mg/L of Mg~(2 ).Maybe Ca~(2 ) is the main material resource of speleothems,furong Cave lives in such a development phase that Ca~(2 ) deposit completely and almost without Mg~(2 )deposition.(2) The ratio of Ca~(2 )and Mg~(2 ),to some degree,may be a reflection of the maturity of speleothems,the different permeability in different carbonate area affects on the ratio and degree of depositing.(3)There is no strong relationship between Ca~(2 ),Mg~(2 ) contents of cave water and development of cave landscape.(4)The change of cave landscape for recent 10 years is closed mainly with the change of Ca~(2 ) content and almost no relationship with Mg~(2 ),the ascending of temperature due to energy import has little effect on speleothems,but the change of pH does greatly.

Abstract:利用1980年、1995年、2000年三期遥感影像，在RS与GIS支持下，解译提取吉林省西部20年草地空间信息，分析该区草地时空动态及其景观格局变化。结果表明：①20年来，草地面积减少40．70％。草地退化严重，主要转化为耕地和盐碱地，转移面积分别达到475799．43hm^2和303182．06hm^2；②20年来．草地总动态度为负，1980～1995年，高覆盖度草地对整体草地变化影响较大；1995-2000年．高、中覆益度草地对草地整体变化影响较大；③20年来，各类草地质心向东北方向偏移。不同阶段各类草地质心偏移表现出无规律性、多向性；④总斑块数、平均斑块面积，平均斑块周长和优势度指数整体动态呈下降趋势，分维数变化较小且接近于1，各类草地破碎度指数整体动态呈增长趋势，破碎化程度加强，总体格局复杂化。自然因素对草地退化起到一定的驱动作用。人类活动干扰则是主要驱动力。

Abstract:The change of sandy desertification and land cover from 1987 to 2002 were monitored based on the application of Landsat-TM and ETM satellite data.The following results were achieved:(1)The TM and ETM satellite images with mid-resolutions are available data for change monitoring of desertification and land cover at regional scale like a County,in which the monitoring accuracy may reach over 90%.(2) The sandy desertification is developing with increase of desertified area and strength of severity of desertification in study area,which shows fewer effects of activities for rehabilitation of desertified lands.(3) The areas of first and second degree rangelands were enlarged due to enclosing rangelands at large scale,so the quality of rangeland was greatly improved,but the range desertification is still common caused by overgrazing on unenclosed third degree rangeland.(4) The areas of farmland and residential area are decreased because of implementation of national project for return farmland to rangeland and withdrawal of some state-own farms.

Abstract:By the way of RS,GIS,and the theory of landscape ecology,and on the base of great many data,this paper analysed the status of landscape pattern of Yanchi County.The results indicate that Yanchi's landscape pattern changes significantly during the research phase,the fragmentation and diversity index of entire landscape being on the rise,the dominance index reduced,and the evenness index increased.The pattern shows a varied development tendency of agriculture,forestry and animal husbandry.At the same time,the condition of ecological environment of Yanchi County has been improved step by step.

Abstract:沙地衬膜水稻采用无土栽培原理，施肥以化肥为主。适宜的N肥能显著促进沙地衬膜水稻营养体的生长．P肥则对水稻后期籽粒灌浆结实有明显效应。N、P配施较单施N、P处理籽粒产量和蛋白质含量有显著提高。在本试验条件下．沙地衬膜水稻栽培中。纯N最适施用量为144．7kg／km^2，最佳N、P配比为1：0．502．以使籽粒产量、蛋白质含量、单位面积蛋白质产量均表现较高。根据沙土特点和水稻生长发育规律，衬膜水稻施肥应坚持少量多次的原则，N肥分4次施入。P肥基施为主，K肥少量追施。另须基施Si等微肥。基肥采取沟深施。追肥撒施，采取前促、中控、后补的原则，主攻分蘖肥和穗粒肥。

Abstract:为提高我国北方旱地玉米的水分利用效率和土壤温度,以达到进一步增产的目的,设计出一套旱地玉米的垄膜沟种微集水种植技术。通过对比试验发现:单向丁风垄(D 2)种植沟间的含水量,较对照和平铺膜提高2.87%和1.82%;水分利用效率也最高,达18.05 kg/hm2.mm,较对照和平铺膜提高48.70%和25.54%。整个生育期种植行间各层平均地温,垄膜沟种技术高出对照1.4℃,高出平铺膜0.1℃;总积温在2 901.0~2 984.7℃之间,平铺膜为2 908.7℃,对照仅为2 699.3℃。垄膜沟种平均产量为7 237.26 kg/hm2,其中单向顺风垄(D 1)的产量最高,达7 569.62 kg/hm2,较对照和平铺膜提高47.72%和21.46%。

Abstract:Ecological degradation of mountains not only is an ecological problem, but also is an economic problem. So ecological rehabilitation must be focused on solving environmental degradation and in the meantime increasing economic income and improving social sustainable development. Based on the analysis on ecological degradation of red soil mountains empoldered and the region status about economy and culture, the ecological rehabilitation mode was established, which took water and soil conservation as a core and banded production components together, for example woods, fruit trees, grass, farming, mushrooms and firedamp etc. Grass were used to conserve water and soil resources and drive the development of region economy, which was of great benefit for ecological rehabilitation and economy development.

Abstract:In China,forest coverage has been enhanced by a big margin and ecological environment has been obviously improved.Thus the vegetation restoration in sites the most difficult to be afforested in a coal pile wasteland becomes the main tasks for foresters.In order to screen out the species and reclamation measures adaptive to coal pile wasteland,The survival rate of different plants,the effects of vegetation and different reclamation measures on soil chemical properties,the effects of different reclamation measures on DBH and tree height net growth of per year were studied in Fushun city,Liaoning province.The results showed that(1) The survival rate of different plant was from 21% to 85%.The survival rate of Ulmus pumila and Astragalus adsurgens was 81% and 85% respectively and that of Populus simionii,Robinia pseudoacacia and Rekoelreuteria panaiculata was about 70%.(2) Vegetation can improve the contents of organic matter,total N,P_2O_5 in different soil depths,but the degree of improvement changed with soil depths,nutrient varieties and reclamation time.(3) At the same soil depth,Biological compound fertilizers,biopreparate,absorbent polymers can improve the contents of organic matter and decrease that of P_2O_5;Only absorbent polymers can result in the increase of soil total kalium contents;(4) Biological compound fertilizers,biopreparate,absorbent polymer can increase the DBH and height net growth of per year,but effect degree of absorbent polymer is the highest.

Abstract:近几十年来，松嫩平原的生态环境严重恶化，荒漠化迅速发展，这与区域水土保持功能持续下降有关。本文应用生态学、经济学和生态环境科学等学科的有关理论，以TM／MODIS／DEM数据为基础，应用3S技术建立了松嫩平原水土保持价值的复合计算模型。计算表明，全区2001年水土保持总价值为662．63亿元，就单位面积的水土保持价值而言．林地最高，为173．59万元／km^2，草地次之，为70．42万元／km^2，耕地很低，为24．53万元／km^2，难利用地仅为2．89万元／km^2。水土保持价值分布的总趋势从东北向西南递减，从193．86万元／km^2降至18．87万元／km^2。研究指出，进行林地、草地建设是提高区域水土保持功能的关键，中、西部尤应加强水土保持工作。本文不仅解决了水土保持价值的量化问题，而且为绿色GDP的核算提供了基础数据。

Abstract:生态系统服务价值在理论、评价尺度、核算方法等方面的研究取得了很大的进展,但其结果的应用方面研究较少,以河北省易县为例,将生态系统服务价值应用到土地利用规划的生态效益定量研究中,这对维持生态平衡,采取合理的土地利用方式,建立可持续的土地利用模式具有指导意义。依据易县1997年、2001年和2010年的3期土地利用规划数据,估算了土地利用规划所引起的易县及其28个乡镇的生态系统服务价值的变化。结果表明,易县的生态系统服务价值从1997年的16.87×108元增加到2010年的20.06×108元,增加值为3.20×108元,总生态系统服务价值每年增长率为1.46%。土地利用变化的生态价值呈上升趋势,表明该区的土地利用规划基本是合理的,土地利用规划在取得经济效益的同时,又提高了土地利用的生态效益;但此规划还存在一些不足,如未利用土地面积占的比例较大,应对此规划进行修改,提高土地利用的生态效益。

Abstract:Monitoring was carried for a slope protection project in highway to survey the soil and water conservation effects through bioengineering techniques for slope protection. The results indicated that through bioengineering techniques for slope protection such as herbs planting, the foliage can cover the whole high and steep slopes in the highway and get significant soil and water conservation effects. The development of soil erosion could he controlled and gully erosion were rarely happened on slope protected with bioengineering techniques. Moreover, the mean runoff index is lower than 15.97% and soil erosion mass is rather low on the protected slope under mediumheavy rain and hard rain. The slope protection mechanism of bioengineering techniques was analyzed. The soil and water conservation effects is closely in relation with vegetation interception, power reduction, controlling of slope runoff, root anchorage and reinforcement etc. , and also property of bioengineering techniques for slope protection.

Abstract:We study the integration of Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model and GIS based on ArcObjects released by ESRI recently. Four categories of integration of DHSVM and GIS are discussed. We build a seamless integrated system integrated DHSVM and GIS by the methods of embedding. A research of watershed hydrology simulation in Lushi watershed is carried out. The case illustrates the integrated system can improve the model getparms capability, data management, process visualization, spatial analysis and so on. , which provides a power sustain for watershed land surface hydrology modeling.

Abstract:The objective of the paper was to expound the main process of metadata technology and method applied in the construction of soil and water monitoring information system. Firstly the paper defined contents of rectadata, including basic metadata and business metadata, among of them, the basic metadata were used to manage the data stored in the database and mainly to describe the information about data, and the business metadata helped system to implement the function of update and inquiry of data. Secondly the paper expounded in details contents and purposes of two types of metadata and described how to organize and store these metadata. Finally, the flow chart of management of metadata was proposed, and functions of creation and management of metadata were integrated into the management and update system for information platform, then the synchronous management for metadata and their data was realized for the system.

Abstract:From the implication of cultivated Land Quality,we try to find a technology terrace of cultivated land quality multifunction evaluation.We set up the technology assessment indicator of cultivated land quality and defined the share of indicator on the base of ascertaining the evaluation concent.At the same time,we expound the evaluation of each factor's actural border using the Pinghu city as a research zone,then forming a maneuverability technology indicator about the cultivated land quality evaluation.

Abstract:Grasslands, such as tree-scattered grassland, sandy grassland, semi-shift sand land and shift sand land, were obviously in a series of degradation stages of Horqin sand land. Each stage was dominant of a species. Moreover, role of the dominant species in every community was prominent for its performance of the most functions of the community. In the early stage of grassland degradation, tree-scattered grassland had a high diversity and relatively stabile community structure, and the species richness, diversity, grass and family number were continually decreased with degradation and/or desertification of grassland. The annual and biennial herbs and xerophytes were dominant in every degraded stage of grassland, and played important roles in maintaining stability and ecological function of the community. The changes of species and functional groups that resulted from mutual interaction between species adaptability and environment, in degraded process of grassland, showed a series of trends in vegetation and environment, such as ecosystem degradation, simplification of community structure, decreased stability of environment matrix and so on.

Abstract:Applying the principles of eco-ecocomic and landscape ecology, the farmland shelterbelt of frame with constuction diversity and with measure renewal and rebuild was put forward based on analysis and evaluation to the tree selection, shelterbelt structure and shelterbelts network landscape arrangement of farmland shelterbelt diversity in Hexi oasis, which provides certain scientific basis for the construction and development of the protective forest of the future agriculture and forestry comound ecological system.

Abstract:In an attempt to establish an efficient keeping soil moisture in drought area, the effect of different ridge-forming and film-covering modes on soil moisture and prophase growth of flue-cured tobacco was studied. The results indicated that film-covering was propitious to increase soil moisture content and demand for water of tobacco seedling. The soil moisture content and tobacco seedling growth was more in film-covering than no film- covering area. The tobacco seedling had stronger antiadversity in film-covering area. The soil moisture content, tobacco seedling growth and antiadversity was the most in concave ridge-forming and film-covering area before winter, and more in concave ridge-forming and film-covering area, and less in protruding ridge-forming and film- covering area, and the least in protruding ridge-forming and no film-covering area in different ridge-forming and film-covering modes. It explain the concave ridge-forming and film-covering ahead of time was one of the efficient measure to enhance the soil moisture and prophase growth, antiadversity of tobacco seedling in arid area.

Abstract:The effects of different degree and period of water stress on photosynthesis, stem growth, grain yield and cumulating of up-ground and down-ground of dry-matter, were investigated based on watering experimentation in Oasis field. The results indicated that the more disadvantage affected photosynthesis, stem growth, cumulating of dry-matter, development of root and yield of winter wheat along with the increasing degree of water stress. The dry weight of root in the treatment, which the quantity of watering is 40% of soil water receptivity, was more than other treatments, because water stress can facilitate the development of new root of winter wheat that makes root system adequately take up water in mid-down layer soil and then attain the effect of water saving. The influence ofwater stress on yield of winter wheat in grouting stage is more serious, the yield of winter wheat suffered from water stress of light degree in jointing stage and then was rewatered was higher than other stage. winter wheat; water stress; photosynthetic function; biology characteristics

Abstract:以银中杨三年生苗木为试验材料,模拟不同程度的土壤干旱环境,研究了土壤干旱对银中杨生理生化特性的影响。结果表明,叶绿素含量在干旱初期降低,持续到干旱14天时,随着干旱程度的加剧,叶绿素含量增加。SOD在轻度干旱胁迫的初期,其活性提高,随着胁迫时间的延长、胁迫强度的加剧,其活性降低,但降低幅度较小;POD活性和可溶性蛋白含量显著降低;类胡萝卜素、脯氨酸含量和电解质含量略微增加,可溶性糖含量显著增加;丙二醛(M DA)含量无明显变化,银中杨叶片的电导率在干旱初期随着土壤含水量的降低而增加,干旱胁迫14天时,差异不显著。