Abstract:Coming into the new century, scientific researches on soil erosion and soil and water conservation meet new opportunities and challengers. Based on analyzing the social need, scientific need and particularities of scientific research on soil erosion and soil and water conservation in China, main existing problems for scientific researches on soil erosion and soil and water conservation in China are pointed out. And front scientific issues on soil erosion and soil and water conservation are identified, including soil erosion processes and mechanisms, soil erosion prediction models, preventing mechanisms for soil conservation measures and applicability, watershed ecology process and arrangement for soil and water conservation measures, regional soil erosion processes and behaviors as well change characteristics at macro scale, and environmental impact assessment of soil erosion and soil and water conservation, new technologies and methods for soil erosion research.

Abstract:The measurement of aggregate stability is often used as indices of charactering soil anti-erodibility and soil quality. The sensitive aggregate stability test, Le Bissonnais method, was used to assess aggregate stability and its breakdown mechanisms of Ferrisols in the present study. The measured aggregate stability indices by Le Bissonnais method were highly significantly linearly correlated with the aggregate amount with 0.25 mm in diameter, mean weigh diameter (MWD) and percentage of aggregate disruption determined by conventional wet sieving method. The aggregate size distribution (ASD) of dry 5~2 mm, 2~1 mm, and 1~0.5 mm aggregates after fast wetting (FW), slow wetting (SW) and wet-stirring (WS) treatments was significantly affected by treatment method and initial aggregate size. The FW treatment had the largest aggregate disruption, while WS treatment had the lowest aggregate disruption. It suggested that the aggregate breakdown in the Ferrisols was mainly caused by the entrapped air pressure in the soil porosity and clay different swelling when fast wetting. There was a significant relation between >0.25 mm aggregate content and organic matter, and similarly between aggregate MWD and organic matter. Results showed that the organic matter is the main cementing and stabilization agent of aggregate formation in the Ferrisols. The aggregate stability indices in the Ferrisols were significantly negatively related to clay content, and no relationships between aggregate stability and free iron content were been found.

Abstract:为了解侵蚀型红壤植被恢复后土壤养分含量与物理性质的变化状况，采集了植被恢复17年和9年的两个定位试验点土壤样品。分析结果表明：侵蚀型红壤植被恢复后土壤养分含量明显增加。恢复17年的木荷、杉木林0～0．2m土层土壤全氮和有机质含量分别比对照增加了3．92倍、2．96倍、5．80倍和3．52倍，土壤有效养分中土壤有效磷含量增加幅度最大。植被恢复后土壤物理性质得到极大改善．表现在土壤容量明显降低，土壤总孔度、通气孔度增加和大于1mm大团聚体与大于0．25mm水稳性团聚体总量的增加。总的来看，恢复17年的木荷和恢复9年的黑麦草两处理．土壤物理性质改善最为明显．此两处理0～0．2m表层土壤容量比对照区降低了27．9％和20．41％，大于0．25mm水稳性团聚体总量分别比对照区增加了31．09％和29．96％，土壤总孔度和通气孔度分别是对照区的1．34倍、1．25倍、2．59倍和2．14倍。

Abstract:Based on the application of GIS and traditional statistical methods, this paper studied the spatial distribution feature of soil nutrient contents and their relations to land use in a small watershed, which located in the Ziyang County, Sichuan Province. The results showed that soil total nitrogen and organic matter for the upland,orchard and bare land in interested area were widely deficient, especially for the bare land on the top and steep slope of hill. We should pay more attention to this kind of land use in the future. Moreover, the high value distribution areas for the soluble nutrients in the upland and orchard should also be more cared. And remarkable spatial distributions with the feature of stripe and patch were also found for all nutrients. The spatial heterogeneity of most soil nutrients except for total potassium and nitrate was significantly influenced by the land use. The rank of the influenced nutrients was as follows: organic matter>total nitrogen>total phosphorus> soluble phosphorus. Generally speaking, the total potassium with lesser coefficient of variability mainly inherited the quality of material rock. However, more important factors (e.g. fertilizer,rainfall and runoff) may control the content of nitrate, as a result, there no existed significant relationship between land use and nitrate.

Abstract:通过2年在黄河三角洲进行海水灌溉对土壤性质的影响研究．结果表明：海水灌溉后土壤剖面中盐分含量有所上升，并在0～100cm土层中有盐分积累现象；土壤中存在的盐分主要以NaCI为主，Na^ 和Cl^-与土壤全盐含量呈直线线性相关，且达到极显著水平；海水灌溉后土壤的钠吸附比(SAR)在0～60crn土层内有所升高；土壤的pH值在海水灌溉前后基本没有什么变化；残余碳酸钠(RSC)都为负值。因此，在黄河三角洲地区运用海水灌溉不会引起土壤的碱化，并使土壤性质变差，但在海水灌溉过程中必须防治次生盐渍化的发生。

Abstract:Hilly red soil with various landscape position and soil utilization styles were sampled and analyzed, results shows that effects of landscape variation and soil utilization styles on soil properties and soil water characteristics were obvious. For natural woodland and tea land, with reduced topography altitude, soil clay content was decreased and soil organic matter, soil water-stable aggregates, soil aeration were increased. But variation of soil nutrient content and soil structure characteristic was not obvious for artificial dry land and orange land. Variation of soil properties with landscape and soil utilization styles affected soil water-retention and soil water-supply characteristic, amounts of soil water retention on top of slope was larger than that of middle or bottom of slope. Due to absence of enough capillary pores, it was difficult for red soil to supply continuously enough water for crop growth.

Abstract:The study results of the content variation of organic carbon and its component in black soil during different tillage period show that both the content of TOC and its component decreasing and the soil Kos value increasing in ploughing layer and ploughing bottom layer are rapid at first 50 years cultivation. After 130 years tillage, the content of organic carbon and its component are relative stable on the whole. Total organism carbon content in ploughing layer of black soil lost 1.76%~24.81% after 200 years tillage. Among organic carbon component, the FA-C is affected relative little by tillage time, while Hu-C is affected seriously.

Abstract:The 62 observed points were made in Zhuanyaogou watershed in gully region of Loess Plateau. Spatial variability of soil organic carbon (SOC) content were analyzed by geostatistics approach. The complex factors affected spatial variability of SOC were preliminarily discussed. The results indicated that the SOC contents were very low in the studied watershed. The variability of SOC at different soil layer belonged to the middle intensity and was contributed to the influencing of the correlation rather than of the random. The SOC contents in the gullies were higher than those on the tops of the hills at the same soil layer. With the increasing of depth the SOC contents decreased and were higher obviously in the surface soil than those in the other layers. The change quantity of the profile SOC content on the tops of the hills were larger than that in the gullies. The possible factors of influence on the distribution of SOC were soil life, soil water content, soil and water loss and human activities.

Abstract:A field experiment was conducted to study the effects by match fertilizer N and P on microbial biomass C and N of black soil agroecosystem. The result of the variation of microbial biomass in different growth periods shows that the effects of fertilizer N and P on microbial biomass C is not same as on microbial biomass N, incubation period is the most obviously varied period of microbial biomass C and N, the microbial biomass C is at its lowest but microbial biomass N is at its highest.The regression analysis indicated that fertilizer N is the main factor in affecting the microbial biomass C, It showed that the excessive use of fertilizer N decrease the content of microbial biomass N, and fertilizer P can increase the content of microbial biomass N though it was applied property or excessive, the effect decrease follow the increase of use the fertilizer P. The match of fertilize N and P can increase the microbial biomass N, so we can say that it is not a effective way in increase the quantity of microbial biomass N by applying fertilizer N or fertilizer P singly, the effective way to increase soil microbial biomass N is by match applying of N and P

Abstract:The soil columns incubation experiments were to add enough water to three kinds of paddy soils,then dry those soils under nature environment in a greenhous. The experiments showed Qingzini and Huangbantian with high clay content produced cracks,but Xiaofentu with low clay content didn't appear cracks. The total length, maximal width and depth of cracks in same area had similar curves between Qingzini and Huangbantian on the course of incubation. The produce of cracks had important effects on the activities of nitrate reductase and hydroxylamine reductase,except nitrite reductase. From produce to stabilization of cracks, the activities of nitrate reductase,nitrite reductase and hydroxylamine reductase changed similiarly between Qingzini and Huangbantian.

Abstract:自2001年开始，采用田间试验与室内模拟相互验证的方法，对山东莱州(暖温半干旱带)、江苏大丰(暖温湿润带)、海南乐东(热带湿润带)进行了海水灌溉下滨海盐土水盐运动特征研究，结果表明：(1)各气候带适宜的灌溉定额下，未作任何人为调控措施，半干旱的莱州虽呈自然积盐的趋势．但即使用50％的海淡水混灌，2年0～60cm土层盐分仍未超过3‰，江苏大丰用60％的海淡水灌溉，海水灌溉携入的总盐量与1m土体淋失的盐量持平，而海南乐东盐分收支平衡的海淡水比例为75％；(2)在半干旱的山东莱州，0～60cm各土层含盐量变幅起伏较大，表明蒸发为盐分运动的控制因子，而在湿润的江苏大丰，30cm以下土层含盐量平稳，ST水控制盐分运动的作用增强。两个气候带，在整个夏季，各海水灌溉处理表层土壤含盐量明显低于下层土壤；(3)海水灌溉明显降低土壤水吸力，表明海水灌溉可以缓解土壤水的蒸发，越是干旱，这种作用越明显。

Abstract:对在海侵灾害最严重的莱州湾地区，在油葵生育期内利用不同浓度的海水直接灌溉两次，研究0～40cm土层土壤盐分及Na^ 、CI^-、Ca^2 、Mg^2 、K^ 含量的分布、迁移规律，为确定合适的灌溉定额和灌溉次数提供最基础的技术参数。结果表明：①60％以上浓度海水灌溉，5～40cm土层土壤盐分呈积累趋势，次生盐渍化明显；40％海水灌溉后轻微积盐．若无充沛的雨水淋洗，则须结合一定的农业措施以防造成次生盐害；20％海水浓度在灌溉定额为800m^3／hm^2时能保持土壤盐分的盈亏平衡。②Na^ 和CI^-主要分布在5～20cm土层，而Ca^2 和Mg^2 主要在20∽40cm土层，K^ 则极易被淋洗而迁移到40cm以下土层。③0～5cm土层盐分变化剧烈，在油葵整个生育期降雨量为171．7mm的情况下，至收获期时，各处理均能降至灌海水前的水平。

Abstract:由于淡水资源短缺，微咸水开发利用成为缓减农业水资源短缺的重要措施。但由于微咸水中含有各种盐分离子影响土壤人渗特征，并对不同土壤初始含水量会表现出不同影响程度。本文进行了不同初始含水量条件下微咸水人渗试验．结果表明在低含水量情况下，土壤累积人渗量随着含水量增加而增加，但在高含水量表现不很明显。同时利用Green—Ampt人渗公式对实验资料进行分析，发现随着含水量增加土壤饱和导水能力增加，而湿润锋处吸力减少，与利用饱和导水能力测定结果相一致。

Abstract:利用模拟降雨装置，研究了演替恢复初期不同植被覆盖以及不同处理下坡面降雨的产流过程和人渗率。实验研究结果表明，植被演替开始之初，由于地表土壤的土质比较疏松，土壤的人渗率比较大。随着植被演替的进行，土壤中有机质等物质的逐渐累积，土壤的理化性质发生了变化，土壤的人渗特征也随之降低。剪草降雨小区的实验研究结果说明，在降雨的初期，土壤的人渗性能相对较低，随着实验的进行，在雨滴的打击下，部分结皮被破坏，土壤的人渗率也随之增大。说明地表生物结皮的存在，降低了土壤的人渗性能。采取适当的措施破坏地表生物结皮，有利于提高土壤的人渗性能，增加干旱半干旱地区对降雨的利用程度。

Abstract:The natural condition of Tibet-Qing Plateau is unique but especially fragile. Thus, the potential hazards of soil loss may be greater than other place. Under the background of global change and West Development Strategy, the research on the soil loss on Tibet-Qing Plateau is of great importance. According to its natural condition, three main characters were summarized: diversity in erosion type, unevenly-distributed erosion intensity, weakness but great potential hazards in man-made erosion. Analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution of soil loss with the sediment yield date of river. It was showed that the distribution of the sediment modulus was greatly uneven and was mainly determined by rainfall and land cover. To a certain extent, the soil erosion intensity could be demonstrated by the sediment modulus. The sediment yield was highly concentrated in July and August, accounting for 65%. Due to the thaw of snow and ice in early summer, the peaks of runoff and sediment yield could precede that of rainfall.

Abstract:定量分析评价水蚀风蚀交错带土壤侵蚀的坡向差异对于土壤侵蚀防治具有重要意义。通过对黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错带六道沟流域一个典型峁坡不同坡向及坡位土壤剖面中137Cs含量的分析研究,表明研究区内梁峁地形的坡向侵蚀差异明显,各坡向平均侵蚀速率大小依次是北坡>东坡>南坡>西坡,南北坡侵蚀差异与黄土丘陵区其它区域相反,分析认为,这与该区域水蚀、风蚀叠加的特殊侵蚀外营力有关,并根据南北坡侵蚀速率的差值估算出该区域风蚀所占比例至少大于18%;峁坡各坡向不同坡位侵蚀差异明显,坡面下部侵蚀最严重,坡面上部和中部次之,侵蚀速率顺坡沿程呈波动变化趋势,坡面水土保持措施减沙效果显著。

Abstract:Based on reviewing research achievements of hillslope water erosion prediction and considering soil erosion characteristics, water erosion prediction model at hillslopes scale was proposed, and calculating methods of rainfall erosivity, slope gradient and length, shallow gully erosion impact factor in erosion prediction model were determined, and how to measure soil erodibility, crop management, and conservation measure were discussed.

Abstract:通过人工模拟冲刷试验,初步分析了施KCl、植被覆盖度和降雨量对黄土区土壤钾素径流的影响。结果表明:给土壤施KCl后使土壤和径流中的钾流失量增加,施入的KCl主要以溶解态钾的形式流失;植被覆盖度增大,缓效钾、速效钾流失量显著减少;植被(在坡度≤20°时)比坡度对土壤、缓效钾和速效钾流失量的影响更大;坡度比雨量对土壤、缓效钾和速效钾的流失影响更大。

Abstract:随着在黄土沟壑丘陵区退耕政策的实施,退耕必将对该地区的水土流失特征产生重大影响。对退耕的水土保持效益进行模拟研究,可为退耕政策的合理实施提供理论依据。选定位于黄土沟壑丘陵区的安塞研究区,在RS和GIS支持下,采用USLE,模拟研究了不同退耕方案对土壤侵蚀的影响。在2001年土地利用的遥感解译图和GIS计算分析基础上设计了8种不同的退耕方案,模拟结果显示,各种退耕方案对土壤侵蚀的减少主要发生在强度及强度以上侵蚀区,退耕后研究区已没有发生剧烈侵蚀的区域,强度和极强度侵蚀明显减少;土壤侵蚀量的减少主要发生在≥25°退耕和≥15°退耕,≥25°退耕还草和还林分别使土壤侵蚀总量减少了19.9%和23.2%,≥15°退耕还草和还林分别使土壤侵蚀总量减少了36.6%和42.6%。≥8°退耕方案和全部退耕方案与≥15°退耕方案相比,水保效益并没有显著差别。

Abstract:通过对黄前库区流域森林主要类型刺槐林和油松林土壤结构状况和渗透性能的比较,研究了不同森林类型地表径流水的移动规律。在自然降雨后,以1m×1m为基本单位推算其可能产生的地表径流量,根据实际径流量推算地表径流水在径流过程中下渗的数量。研究结果表明:刺槐林的森林土壤结构相对较好,地表径流水下渗的速度较快,而流速较慢,因而产生的地表径流量较少;而油松林,特别是阳坡油松林的土壤结构较差,地表径流水下渗的速度较慢,而流速较快,因而产生的地表径流量较大。

Abstract:DEM是目前用于流域地形分析的主要数据,在流域地形分析及水系构建等方面形成了比较成熟的算法。基于DEM的水文模拟技术的应用给传统的水文模拟方法带来了根本性的变化。以三峡库区晏家河小流域为例,应用最新引进的WMS专业水文处理软件,结合Arc/Info,ArcView地理信息系统工具,在1∶1万DEM基础上生成河网水系,确定流域边界并进行子流域的划分。在生成数字流域的基础上,采用WMS嵌入的HEC-1模型进行降雨径流模拟研究。

Abstract:According to the result of simulated runoff experiment in laboratory, the impact of the mineral nitrogen's transport with surface runoff and leaching are analyzed. It is validated that the straw coverage can greatly decrease soil erosion and reduce the velocity of flow on the loess slope. Therefore, the interaction between soil nitrogen and runoff is prolonged, which lead to more mineral nitrogen to be dissolved by runoff. However, the total amount of the mineral nitrogen loss by runoff is reduced. Compared with the result of bare land, the straw cover can be concluded that the infiltrative depths and amount of water and soil nitrate are added.

Abstract:The paper evaluated the water conservation function of forest in the south mountainous area of Jinan City, using the reflection engineering method, on the basic of the study of the substance quantity of water conservation of the forest. The result was that the whole value of water conservation of the litter-fall floor was 0.578 3 million yuan, the whole value of water conservation of the soil floor was 59.387 4 million yuan, the value of increasing valid water in th eperiod of low water was 44.630 2 million yuan, the value of purifying water was 89.501 0 million yuan and all the value of water conservation was 194.096 9 million yuan. The study provided scientific basis for the evaluation of water conservation function of forest in the area and it was useful for the construction of environment in Jinan City.

Abstract:概述了目前常用的森林资源价值核算方法,较系统、全面地核算了黄土高原水土流失区森林资源环境价值(包括涵养水源价值、保育土壤价值、固碳制氧价值、景观游憩价值和净化环境污染价值)和实物价值(包括林地价值、林木和果品价值)的现值,并且分析了不同贴现率时森林资源价值的差异,指出基于可持续发展的需要,应取低贴现率进行森林资源价值核算。同时计算结果表明,森林资源环境价值是森林资源价值的主要部分,充分说明了森林环境价值的重要性,应该引起人们的高度重视。

Abstract:根据降水对径流的影响，利用假设统计检验法对黄河上游干流唐乃亥和支流洮河、湟水河、大通河四个流域——即刘家峡以上黄河主要干支流流域，近30年来的降雨径流变化趋势进行了分析与检验。为探讨流域蓄水特征和产流特征变化，考察总径流量变化趋势，分别对枯季径流、汛期径流、年径流及相应时段降水做了同步分析，并分区域探讨了降水和径流的变化趋势及其变化原因，得出黄河上游径流在这四个流域有减少的趋势，但程度各不相同的结论。湟水和大通河在降水和径流方面的变化均不显著，洮河流域降水减少最为明显，且下游减少最为厉害。在径流方面，洮河汛期径流量变化趋势不同于降水，人类用水量的行为已改变了径流序列的时程变化特性。唐乃亥降水特性有所变化，但更为突出的是枯季径流显著减少，对造成此现象的原因尚需进一步调查研究。

Abstract:土壤及土壤养分流失是农业非点源污染的主要形式。选择珠江三角洲地区典型小流域——正坑小流域为研究区,在GIS技术支持下,建立流域数字高程模型并获取下垫面相关参数,采用通用土壤流失方程、固态污染物负荷方程,进行小流域农业非点源污染负荷估算与分析。结果表明,正坑小流域年土壤流失量为455061.60kg,旱坡地和果园两类土地利用景观类型具有相对较高的侵蚀模数;土壤N、P养分流失年负荷量分别为6335.32,1150.35kg,不同土地利用类型对非点源污染负荷的贡献率不同,水田中氮、磷流失对非点源污染负荷有重要影响。

Abstract:Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is a province of karst developing very widely and intensely, with intense soil erosion intensity and fragile eco-environment. Based on the extensive factors, this article set up an evaluating index system of fragile eco-environment and established the process of the quantitative evaluation. The process includes the set up of a database, and the determination of assessment unit, assessment indicators as well as their weights, and evaluation methods for fragile eco-environment. With powerful input, spatial analysis and mapping functions of GIS, the methods including geographic data grouping and cluster analysis are adopted, quantitative assessment and qualitative assessment are performed for fragile karst eco-environment, in order to provide the scientific foundation for eco-environment construction of the karst Guangxi area.

Abstract:Effect of Ni content in different fertility soils on the growth and biomass of plantain was conduced. The results showed that plantain has some extent tolerance to Ni, when Ni content in soils was reached 150 mg/kg the growth of Plantain was not significantly influenced by heavy metal toxicity. There was positive relationship between biomass and N contents (P<0.01). Ni content in plantain root increased as the levels of soil Ni contents (P<0.01), while shoot dry weight decreased (P<0.01). There is a higher accumulation rate of Ni by plantain from soil (6.17%), especially in the poor fertility soil. Therefore, plantain is a good phytoremediation plant in medium contamination soils by Ni.

Abstract:三峡工程建成蓄水后,受淹耕地将遭到江水浸泡,积蓄在耕地上的有机污染物、N、P以及Cu、Cr等微量重金属将通过溶解、交换、扩散而迁移到江水中,增加江水中相应成份的含量。在调查了解三峡库区受淹土壤数量、类型的基础上,选择采集具有代表性的8个耕作土壤作样本,在实验的条件下模拟江水浸泡,求取单位重量的土壤在固—液相平衡状态下释放污染物的负荷量,进而计算三峡库区受淹土壤在江水浸没处于平衡时污染物释放进入水中污染物的量。结果表明,三峡水库受淹耕地污染物释放总量为181540.9t,其中以CODcr,BCOD5为主,二者合计93.78%,这将成为三峡库区水环境污染的重要污染源。

Abstract:Compared the Taihu Lake and Three Gorges reservoir from social economy and physical geography, evaluated the possibility of nonpoint source pollution (NPS pollution) in Three Gorges reservoir. The results showed that there are similarities in agricultural environment and genetic condition of nonpoint source pollution between Taihu Lake and Three Gorges reservoir. On the other hand, the sources of NPS pollutant in Three Gorges reservoir, such as sediment and nutrients, were abundance. So it can be extrapolated that Three Gorges reservoir had a great potential possibility of NPS pollution.

Abstract:The sustainable development of the local economy and society in Chaohu Lake basin is restricted by the increasingly serious water quality deterioration. On the basis of brief analysis of the present situation of Chaohu Lake water quality and the cause of formation of eutrophication, the non-point nutrient control problem is approached from the angles of agriculture production, soil and water conservation and lake shore ecosystem construction, according to the source of nutrients and its way of transportation and transformation.

Abstract:非点源污染最主要的影响就是使水体富营养化、水质变差，从而影响到生产、生活、社会与经济的发展，其中氮、磷的农业非点源污染又是最主要的。经过30多年的研究，非点源污染研究逐渐从初期的定性化研究转向定量化，由统计、调查与机理研究转向实用治理研究。就众多的防治方法来看，大体可以分为两大类，即“源”(Source)防治和“汇”(Sink)防治。

Abstract:Green house vegetable land is increasing rapidly in north China. The area and spatial information of green house vegetable is indispensable to reasonable development and scientific management of vegetable industry. This paper intends to explore rapid and accurate information acquisition methods of green house vegetable. Taking Qingzhou city of Shandong province as the study area, using digital TM data, based on the systematic spectral analysis of main land use types, we built an index model which can make greenhouse vegetable information exceptional. Meanwhile, through determination of green house vegetable distribution area, employing masking and using the background data and expert knowledge, the greenhouse vegetable land information was accurately extracted. The results show that there is 21 375.4 hm~2 greenhouse vegetable land in Qingzhou at 2002.4.14, which concentrate in Tanfang, Zhengmu and Huanglou town. This technique will have a consulting value to the greenhouse vegetable information extraction using remote sensing technique and provide technical support for the rational development of the vegetable industry in the study area as well as in Shandong province.

Abstract:利用监督分类、经验指数、屏幕数字化等遥感影像处理方法，在山东簸箕李灌区开展村镇及作物分布调查的应用研究。在对采用卫星遥感影像(SPOT、LANDSAT)识别的村镇可视化效果进行对比的基础上，基于LANDSAT5影像，经屏幕数字化处理得到村镇分布现状，并依据NDVI指数推断作物分布状况。研究结果表明，经监督分类法处理后可从SPOTXS影像中提取出较为清晰的村镇范围，而采用监督分类法或经验指数对LANDSAT 5影像进行处理时遇到的亮度非均匀问题导致较差的村镇可视效果。在干旱严重的1999年期间，簸箕李灌区的夏作物面积高出春作物14％，两种作物在总体长势及种植密度上尽管差别不大，但夏、春作物长势及种植密度在区段之间的变异状况却是明显的。

Abstract:在分析生态农业研究成果和退耕还林还草下生态经济系统演变特征的基础上，提出了黄土丘陵区应构建以“草、林—牧—农”型系统循环链网为中心，以“菜、果—农”型系统循环链网为重要补充，进而发展为“草、林、农—牧—工—商”型系统循环链网或“菜、果—工—商”型系统循环链网的商品型生态农业模式。

Abstract:采用大容积土培盆栽方法，研究了籽粒苋与烟草间作对烟叶矿质营养元素含量的影响，结果表明：间作烟叶磷的含量比单作降低了21．25％，而氮、钾和硫分别比单作增加了20．23％，63．86％和13．71％，间作烟叶中钾的含量分别是氮、硫的3．16倍和4．66倍；间作烟叶除铜的含量与单作的差异不显著外，其它微量元素含量与单作的差异均达显著或极显著水平，间作烟叶钼和铁的含量较单作分别增加了49．29％和27．39％；间作烟叶的灰分含量也较单作高7．83％；间作烟叶中砷和铬的含量较单作分别降低了15．65％和12．75％，而镉和铅含量则分别升高了8．73％和13．97％；间作烟叶的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量分别是单作的1．44倍和1．23倍，根系活力、叶绿素a、叶绿素b及叶绿素总量较单作烟草分别增加了12．64％，27．91％，37．50％，30．51％。

Abstract:For soil and water losing heavy in red soil of hilly land, with Hengfeng wild pueraria and bahiagrass as experimental material, soil and water conservation and soil amelioration were investigated in red soil of hilly land. The results showed Hengfeng wild pueraria and bahiagrass could improve soil capacity, pH value, soil porosity, organic matter, nutrient elements, and decrease soil unit weight, soil erosion, runoff. It got good effects in soil and water conservation and soil amelioration, Hengfeng wild pueraria had better integrative effect than bahiagrass.

Abstract:通过盆栽及田间小区试验,研究了改良剂MDM对松嫩平原草甸碱土的改良效果。结果表明,MDM可显著改善草甸碱土的理化性质。与对照相比,经MDM处理后的碱土钠碱化度(ESP)降低了46.2%,水溶性盐中CO32-含量降低了84.1%,Na K /Ca2 Mg2 降低了60%。此外玉米出苗率提高了12%,株高增加了14.4%,作物的干重和鲜重分别增加了52.69%和53.47%。

Abstract:Hunshandake sand land is one of the four main sand land and one of places which are sensitive to the change of climate and human activity impact. After1960's,Hunshandake sand land has seversly desertified, which has not only deteriorated the local eco-environment, restricted the development of territorial economy, but also become into one of the main source of sand and dust in Jingjin region, threatened ecological security, people's production and life around Jingjin and north China more and more. Based on the collecting of material and on-the-spot investigation, the paper analyzes the causes of desertification of Hunshandake sand land,and puts forward appropriate rudimental measures to control desertification.

Abstract:山西湿地主要分布于各河流流域、湖泊和水库及周围地区,具有分布广泛、类型多样以及生物多样性丰富等特征,主要类型有河口(内陆)湿地、河流湿地、湖泊湿地、水库湿地和沼泽及草甸湿地等,总面积约2146km2。由于人类的不合理利用和自然的原因,导致湿地生态环境退化现象严重,主要表现为:(1)污染严重导致湿地生态环境功能丧失,特别是河流尤为突出;(2)河漫滩和湖泊的过度围垦,加速湿地面积不断萎缩,湿地植被遭到严重破坏;(3)不合理利用和过度捕猎导致生物多样性急剧下降;(4)许多水库的修建使湿地丧失速度加剧;(5)连续多年的干旱导致许多河流成为名副其实的"季节性河流"。最后,提出了山西湿地生态环境恢复的科学对策。

Abstract:The ecological restoration of Yangpaihe watershed in Yangtze upper-reaches is researched with the methods of overall inventory, sample plot survey and indoor room analysis. The results show that the ecological elements, structures and functions get better by the measures of the man made restorations for the degenerated ecologies. The ecological types are increased, the area of the stable ecological types of water and soil conservation forests, terraces, enclosures of the hillside for regeneration is added whiling the area of the fragile ones of steep slope fields and waste lands is decreased. In general, the soil properties of physical and chemical are improved, the water and soil losses are under control and the biodiversity is in richer.

Abstract:Based upon analysis to current research status of desertification assessment indicator systems, a new viewpoint that takes vegetation as main factor for desertification assessment is brought forward. Taking Mu Us Sandland as a research example, by analyzing desertification characteristics in different land types, the succession series of the main indicative vegetation community is put forward. Based on the field observation data about regulations of windblown sand movement and sand-driving wind, the protecting effect of vegetation on land surface is studied, and the vegetation cover grading standards for windy erosion desertification assessment are put out.

Abstract:退耕还林还草工程的土壤保持效益可以看作是由农田生态系统转变为林草生态系统土壤保持服务功能的增加量。参考国内外关于生态系统服务功能中土壤保持功能的评价方法，采用市场价值法、机会成本法、影子工程法、恢复费用法对固原市原州区退耕还林还草工程土壤保持经济价值进行了估算。退耕还林还草工程的年土壤保持总价值为8634．39万元，其中减少养分损失价值为8148．62万元，减少土地废弃价值为19．43万元，减轻泥沙淤积灾害价值为466．35万元。

Abstract:Based on plots experiments of 1993~2002 in the south dump of Antaibu opencast coal mine, the water erosion characteristics and the erosion control profit of vegetations in the 3 stages of newly-constructed, the 2nd year and 10th year of reclamation are analyzed. The empirical models of water and soil erosion are brought forward. The erosion control profits of the vegetation patterns in the plots are compared, and the measures of suitable revegetation and erosion control are proposed and improved.

Abstract:利用1986年、1996年和2000年三期遥感资料，在GIS技术的支持下．运用景观生态学原理，选取反应景观空间结构和景观异质性的指数，分析了榆林地区景观格局及动态变化的特征。结果表明：景观整体多样性指数和均匀度指数减小表明优势组分早地、草地对景观的控制作用不断增强，沙地景观控制作用相对减小．其它景观指数也表明景观整体破碎度程度增大，斑块间离散度增大，景观形状变得较为复杂。人类活动对景观的有利干扰与不利干扰相互作用、相互影响使景观各要素发生了较复杂的结构变化和相互转化，土地沙化、退化仍然非常严重，但沙地景观逆转也比较显著，主要以沙地向草地逆转为主。人类对沙地景观积极的、有效的治理使整体景观朝着良性方向发展和恢复。

Abstract:The dynamics change of natural wetland and constructed wetland and land use/land cover change process-modification were studied in Huolin River catchment. The results showed that the area of natural wetland was decreased and that of constructed wetland was increased, compared with 1980's; during the period of 1986 to 1996, it was general that there existed modification process between other types of wetlands except river wetland, where the modification process of marsh wetland was most notable, with the tendency of decreasing; but as for river beach, lakes, reservoir and paddy field, their modification processes showed the tendency of increase; there nearly existed modification process between all types of wetlands during the period of 1996 to 2000, but what is different is that marsh wetland areas showed the tendency of increase, and all of the areas of river beach, lakes, reservoir and paddy field showed that of decrease during the course of modification processes; moreover, paddy field had modification relationship with mash, river beach, lake and reservoir in this period, manifesting that the scope of human activity was extending and the wetland area reclaimed was increasing.

Abstract:根据年降水及其年内分布特征在全美范围内选择参照站的基础上,用黄河流域3个气象站30年降水和气温的月平均资料,对CLIGEN天气发生器在黄河流域的适应性进行了检验。结果表明利用参证站、通过月资料的输入,CLIGEN可以较好地模拟年降水、降水的月分布、最高温度和最低温度,模拟值的标准差普遍低于实际值的标准差,参照站的气候特征对模拟结果有显著影响,因此,在参证站选择时应综合考虑多个气象参数。

Abstract:This paper studies the water environment carrying capacity in Bositeng lake,analyses the implication and character,tries to builds the concept model and quantified model beginning from the carrying media(water resources quantity and water quality)and based on the carrying object(population, pollutant, human activities),which is important on the research of water environment carrying capacity in lake.

Abstract:土壤水的研究对农田水利、水文地质、生态与环境等具有很重要的意义，本文研究了黄河三角洲地区土壤水TDS变化规律及其影响因素。在研究区设立了3个试验点，分别观测裸地、棉花地和芦苇地包气带水分变化，并利用陶土头负压法获取各试验点不同深度的土壤水样。水样分析结果表明，土壤水的TDS主要与地表覆盖类型、包气带岩性和地下水及其埋深有关。

Abstract:The results show that shelternets has different influence on the photosynthesis of crops after observing the most index of physiological and ecological process characteristics of crop photosynthesis in shelternets. The strongest reaction occurs in the area of 0~2H around farmland margin. Furthermore,there is obvious difference of photosynthesis in different time, position and direction of belts, which is mainly due to the difference of density of photosynthetic active radiation received by crops in shelternets, and thus result in the difference of crop production. Consequently, shelternet is regarded as the primary reason that formed the environment heterogeneity in the interface of farmland ecosystem. The trees group in shleternets formed by different disposition caused the changes of environment factors tied to physiological activity of crops grew in shelternets, and this important changes influenced necessarily the physiological and ecological process of crop photosynthesis in shleternets.

Abstract:Four winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes differing in grain protein contents were used in pot culture experiment in greenhouse to investigate the effects of post-anthesis drought (SRWC=45%~50%), waterlogging and moderate soil water status (SRWC=75%~80%) on protein and starch contents in wheat grains. Grain protein content, glutenin content, the ratio of Glu/Gli, dry gluten and wet gluten content increased significantly under drought. Glutenin content and the ratio of Glu/Gli decreased significantly under waterlogging. Under both drought and waterlogging, grain starch yields decreased significantly, and amylose contents increased with decreasing amylpectin contents, consequently led to decreasing ratios of amylose/amylpectin. Drought and waterlogging had differential effects on grain gluten index, sedimentation volume and falling number in accordance with different varieties. Compared with CK, correlation coefficients among grain quality characters in different wheat varieties under drought and waterlogging were lower, indicating that the differences in grain quality characters under drought, waterlogging and moderate soil water status were distinct. These would have impacts on grain quality and utilization values of specialty wheats.

Abstract:By sampling several typical irrigating warped soils in Xinjiang of China, We analyzed soil nutrient contents and influences resulted from modern human activities on temporal and spatial scale. Results showed that contents of soil organic matter, total N, available N, available P, available Cu, available Zn, available Fe and available Mn increased resulted from human activities.