Abstract:Designing process of Hainan Island's soter database at 1 200 000 scale is discussed in detail here. It analyses the principles and methods of middle scale SOTER mapping, and train of thought of collecting and organizing the attribution data of the mapping units. On the basis of these, we have drawn out the dividing indices systems of mapping units of studying area, completed the dividing and mapping of SOTER units of the studying area, and constructed studying area SOTER database at a scale 1 : 200 000, including a central database and a accessory database. The study will play positive roles in making SOTER methodology perfect and making scientific decisions in Hainan landuse management.

Abstract:Evaluating status and possibility of desertification is an important field in arid and semi-arid zone. For Gansu province is located in inner northwestern China, fragile environment and irrational human activity have made it a relatively serious area of desertification in northern China, and a main source of dust storm happening in China every year as well as. The paper acquires data of variety of land use and desertification on Gansu province from 1986 to 2000, by interpreting TM images of the two periods with GIS software ARC/INFO. Then, on the basis of the data, the study uses index of desertification extent to analyze spatial pattern of desertification on the province. The result indicates that on desertification scale, the Hexi corridor exceeds the other areas, in contrast to it that desertification extent of the Hexi corridor is less than it of the other areas. Based on the above results, with support of integration of ARC/INFO, statistic software SPSS and office software EXCEL, the study uses means of principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate potential extent of every county on possibility of desertification. The result shows that the possibility of desertification of the Hexi corridor and the Gannan region exceed it of other areas, which is in accord with present spatial pattern of desertification scale on Gansu province.

Abstract:Based on Geographical Information System, the results of simulation on soil erosion in Wangjiaqiao watershed, which is located in the Three-Gorge Reservoir Region, showed that slope arid plow lands contribute mostly to the total quantity of soil erosion and sediment relative to other kinds of land using in the watershed. Then, evaluation and assessment of managements designed to control soil erosion on slope land was performed and indicate that changing into terrace dominates in sediment control, while planting hedgerow exhibits preponderance in soil nutrient conservation and investment recycle. Comprehensively, hedgerow is a better kind of soil erosion management.

Abstract:It considers that land consolidation alters land-use and land-cover change, and optimizes and controls its. Simultaneity, land consolidation wants land-use and land-cover change to give technique sustain. Additionally , land consolidation of county zone is the concrete implement of land consolidation object and aspect of regional and nation, the avail location that proves and appraises land consolidation effects of regional, tails and inspects these effects. So, the paper takes Wanzhou county in Chongqing as a case, and discusses land consolidation and land-use and land-cover change in county zone.

Abstract:A quantitative research on land use dynamic during 1986~2000 of the west of Songnen Plain has been done,based on the spatial cartographic data base system. According to the analysis, the land use/cover in the west of Songnen Plain have undergone dramatic changes. The area of farmland and salinized land increased rapidly while that of grassland, woodland, and water area decreased significantly in recent 15 years. The dominant land use change types were the conversion of grassland and woodland into farmland, dryland into paddy field and grassland into salinized land. Land use/cover change in this area was closely related to climate fluctuation, rapid growth of population and underdeveloped economic position, wherein social-economic factors were more important.

Abstract:Based on RS and GIS, overlayed the soil type data with terrain slope data,soil erosion data,rainfall data and temperature data to evaluate the land suitableness. The trait of land resource had been used to diagnose the farm land ,forest land and herd land,and to balance the degree of suitableness and unsuitableness. Then the land-use categories can be classified, which offer the accordance for land-use plan and identifying the spatial distribution of the reducing cultivated land to forest and grass.

Abstract:This paper has revealed the characteristics of arable-land resources and utilization, the basic process and regional difference of change in arable-land area according to the statistics data of arable-land area during the past 20 odd years of the reform and opening to the outside world and detailed-investigation of land use during the recent five years. Also, the driving mechanism for the changes in the cultivated land area is discussed. The main conclusions are shown below: (1) There is a trend of obvious fluctuant decrease in arable-land area during the past 20 odd years. The changes of arable-land undergo the process from gently decrease to steep decrease to slow decrease. During the process, there are three height periods of decrease in arable-land; round about 1985, 1987 to 1990 and 1991 to 1993 respectively. (2) The decreased arable-land is mainly inverted to project and mine land, residential area, all kinds of traffic lands and orchard. The increased arable-land mainly comes from exploitation and reclamation of non-utilized land and arrangement and resuming of project and mine land. (3) The economic development, population growth and policy are the dominant macro-driving factors in decrease of cultivated land area in Yantai. The obvious break during the change process of arable-land is related to the national macro-policies. The rapid decrease of cultivated land area coincided in time with the overheated economic growth resulting from the direct investment in fixed assets. Spatial distribution of the decrease in arable-land matched the differences in speed and scale pf economic growth between different regions of Yantai area. .Furthermore, the decrease in arable-land because of population increase cannot be ignored.

Abstract:Grassland is the carrier of ecology and environment. It has large function to better ecology and environment, maintain ecology balance and protect human survival and development. However degradation instance of Chinese grassland is so serious to be anxious. So it is indispensable to value right grassland use. By introducing general situation of Chinese grassland and national and international study process, this article puts forward a value system of ecological safety of Chinese grassland.

Abstract:Landscape pattern is the synthesis of physiognomy, soil, vegetation, water and productivity. In the point of dynamic factor of landscape formation, the author analyses the characteristics of landscape pattern in Middle-lower Reaches of Taoer River, and summarizes the promotion by physiognomy, hydrology and social productivity , with the emphasis on hydrological factor. It expatiates the process of mutual effect and spatial differences of landscape and water regime, with exemplifying the impact of landscape pattern on water quantity, quality, and spatial distribution furtherly.

Abstract:Based on the quantitative and qualitative methods,it analyzes the status of land use in river head region of the Middle-Route of South-to-North Water Transferring Project (Nanyang Basin), and points out existence problems in land utility. Finally, it puts forward countermeasures of sustainable utilization. Those are: (1) to strengthen adjusting of land use in macrocosm, and doing activity land use in micro-management; (2) to build Mechanism system of land transfer and social service system; (3)to improve developing none-agricultural industry which tourism etc, advancing progress of urbanization in village area and relieving eco-strength of rural surplus labor for land resource; (4)to strengthen science and technology to land use, and harnessing water and soil loss and development the low-waste yield farmland for improve utility efficiency of land resource ; (5)to control population growth, improve quality of population, realize sustainable development.

Abstract:Based on the studying results abroad and at home in the field of sustainable land management, this paper mainly studies the structure and principles of indicator system of sustainable land management assessment, and puts forward a frame of indicator system of sustainable land at regional level based on land quality indicators. This frame is mainly based on land quality indicators of whole farmland at regional level, and establishes indicator system based on five main aspects; (1) maintain or improve land quality; (2)the present resources' supply can meet the future's need; (3)rationally utilization of non-renewable resource; (4)give attention to land resource's non-productive funcions;(5)have good social and policy environment.

Abstract:The middle field of Heihe river is the second largest inland valley in arid rigions of northwest in China. With the theory and methods of forestry ecological engineering system,it designed the framework of forestry ecological engineering system in middle field of Heihe river ,and also provided some key technological measures for the ecological environment construction in this region.

Abstract:By using remote sense and geographical information system technology,it discussed the factor extracting method and categorical model of soil erosion potential danger. Taking Jinan as an example, comprehensively considering such factors as terrain, vegetation, rainfall, soil erosibility, soil horizon thickness, lithology, and population , the author studied the soil erosion potential danger and its distribution in Jinan mountain areas.

Abstract:On the basis of SOTER, running SWEAP could get some conclusion. The soil erosion in Hainan mainly occurred in sloping land and steep land. Soil erosion spatial distribution was identical with Hainan landform. There were higher soil erosions in the mountainous areas of centre Hainan, and there were lower soil erosions in the coastal area of north of island. For the sloping land, terracing or strip cropping could be suitable to reduce soil erosion. The result also showed: under the support of SOTER, it was credible and useful that using SWEAP assessed soil erosion in Hainan.

Abstract:Vegetation within the working area would be completely destroyed and the adjacent areas would be affected by the construction of West-East Pipeline Project. This will result in further environmental deterioration and serious water and soil loss, that will in turn threaten the safety of the west-east pipeline (WEPP) from the long term. Thus it is of highly significance to improve the regional ecosystem function and practical for the safe operation of pipeline to control the water and soil loss along the pipeline with the purpose of establishing a friendly environmental system. In this paper, based on analysis of factors that affect ecosystem sensitivity to the water and soil loss, soil, vegetation, slope aspect and slope degree were selected as assessment indices to make an assessment of the water and soil loss sensitivity by assigning weight to each factor based on experts' knowledge under the support of GIS. Furthermore, according to overlay model of layer weightiness - classification marking and Fuzzy-classification, the study area within 10km of both sides along the pipeline was divided into four groups, which were the slightly sensitive area, the moderately-sensitive area, the sensitive area and the highly sensitive area. The spatial characteristic of sensitivity to water and soil loss was assessed and main reasons causing water and soil loss was then discussed. At last, basic measures of ecological recovery and friendly environment construction in term of the safety of both regional ecosystem and pipeline were discussed.

Abstract:It analyzes the basic benefit, ecological benefit, social benefit and economic benefit based on the study of the details of soil loss and the distributing of soil control measures. The results indicates that the total controlled area reached 7 766.118 hm2, which account for 91. 9% of whole disturbed area i. e. 8 453. 377 hm2, the area treated reached 1 638. 33 hm2 and 417. 5 hm2 replanted, the land use increased from 42. 0% to 48. 6%, there 97. 6% of total waste slag was restrained* 91. 6% of forecasted soil loss was under control.

Abstract:Based on the experiment, the intermittent infiltration character and influential factors, such as soil texture, soil density, technical factors etc. , are researched. Furthermore, the intermittent infiltration is analyzed compared with the continue infiltration. The method of judgement on whether the soil is suitable for the furrow irrigation is given.

Abstract:Analyzed the disadvantage of the prediction method by straight way analogy which is widely used to predict the mass of wind erosion in railway engineering, a new prediction method by contrast of influence factors is put forward, which is in point for wind erosion in railway engineering, and it is proved to have better applicability and prediction precision by calculating example.

Abstract:Regionality is one of important characteristics of geography. The study, based on regional otherness, using contrastive method, simulated traits of soil erosion of all kinds of artificial physiognomy formed by engineer ing measures during construction period in both Liaoning Xingcheng city and Guizhou Weining county. The result showed, the regional otherness of upper natural environment both in south and north, resulted in obvious otherness of runoff and sediment yield of artificial physiognomy, which embodied that the time of runoff and sediment yield in north is late for that in south, but the quantity of runoff and sediment yield in north is less than that in south, which represented obviously regional otherness.

Abstract:Based on the 3 years continuous locating observation, this paper discussed the precipitation pattern and its relations to the runoff and soil erosion. The results show that the raining are characterized of obvious wet and dry seasons through the year, and the rainfall in average up to 1 019. 6mm per year, with especially heavy rains between May and October of 827. 7 mm, which account for 81.18% of the total year rainfalls. The formation of the runoff is saturated runoff in trial watershed, furthermore, the uneven distribution, the over concentration of the precipitation and consequential heavy rain and hard rain, are the principal factors that resulted in the runoff and erosion. Forested lands have a notable effect on cutting the slope runoff and erosion compared to the naked land. However, the reducing benefits of runoff and erosion of forests has a highly correlation with the tree species' biological, ecological property and its stands structural status.

Abstract:Integrating geographical information system and sediment yield model, using the functions of GIS in datum government spatial analysis and visual acquisition, are the heading of sediment yield modeling. This paper analyzing current soil erosion and sediment yield model developing direction and existent problems, summarizing geographical information system applications in sediment yield, expatiating the history of integration geographical information system and sediment yield model, and at the same time three integration ways were discussed.

Abstract:Land desertification is one of the most serious global eco-environment problem which limits the development of society and economy at present. Here,based on the results of recent investigations, we analyzes the present situation and cause of sandy desertification in Shanxi province. Sandy desertification land are mainly distributed in the northwestern and Datong basin of Shanxi,it covers 70. OX104 hm2,accounting about 30. 4% of the total land of this area. The study results show that the processes of sand desertification which occurred or development -ed at this area are mainly caused by natural factors (such as climatic condition and fragile ecological environments) and the human unreasonable economical ac'tivities. In order word,Sandy desertification situation in Shanxi province are related to the physical process caused by natural factors and to the human accelerative process caused by human factors. At the some time,sandy desertification land in the future in the northwestern and Datong basin of Shanxi will be expanded under climate warming and rapid increase of population,unreasonable economical activities.

Abstract:Soil and water loss is a kind of typical man-made accumulated erosion in mining area, whose erosion characteristics is distinctly different from previous landforms; ground subsidence resulting from pit-mining not only makes ground deform,slope steep and erosion degree serious, but has underground water quality polluted; Due to condensed surface and uneven subsidence, loose pile waste discharged by open-cast mining, prompts runoff to converge and leads to collapse and slope slide and debris flow etc, at the same time, increases mud and sand entering river making river course deposited and. making flood discharged difficultly. This paper elaborated characteristics of soil and water loss of subsidence and solid waste materials and its effect on sand entering river, discussed home and broad control measures including engineering measures and biological measures and dynamic monitoring model of soil and water loss, and research contents in future.

Abstract:The district of standard runoff were built in the slope land of the Fourth Century Red Soil in order that they could be used in experiments. Through analysis and studying, we simulated the linearity equation between runoff and rainfall, built the power function equation among runoff, the intensity of rainfall and the amount of soil and water erosion. It was got a critical runfall of causing soil and water erosion,and we discovered the common orderliness of soil and water loss at slope land of the Fourth Century Red Soil.

Abstract:Based on the concept of non point source pollution, the paper states the non-point source pollution result from soil and water loss and its damager. Furthermore, analyzed basically the function of harness measures of soil and water loss on control non-point source pollution, so as to provide some bases to control and harness non-point source pollution.

Abstract:It intends to summarize current research advance in ecological and environmental water requirement of river, which include background, conception, study content and quantitative analysis methods. On the basis of above analysis, the main existing problems in the current research of this field are also analyzed and pointed out.

Abstract:According to the situation of the water resources at home and abroad, some problems existed in the use and management of water resources in China were analyzed. The conception and basic countermeasures of sustainable water resources management were elaborated as well as the relationship of water resources and sustainable development. Some proposals and suggestions for the management of sustainable water resources in the future were put forward.

Abstract:It rained from Jul 3rd to Jul 6th, 2000, last 72 hours. The total rainfall reached 358. 19 mm. By continuous monitoring discharge of the "way out" section in the small basin, analysized the rainstorm characters, based on which, further analysized the connection and development course of catastrophic rainstorm and flash flood. The results were that: the rain belonged to catastrophic rainstorm, the characters were local, long and intensive. The max rain intensity was 32. 84 mm/h, appeared in later stage of the rain. Flash flood in "way out" section appeared in the later-middle stage of the rain and was especially evident in later stage. In addition, the drainage area was smaller and the confluence time was shorter, so flash flood came earlier. At the same time, another two results were thatrthe max flood peak discharge during raining was 1.185 m3/s, the runoff modulus of max flood peak discharge was 3. 66 m3/(s km2), the runoff coefficient of max flash flood in calculation interval was 0. 567. The total flood volume come from the rain was 33 030. 54 m3, average runoff coefficient was 0. 304.

Abstract:Since 1990s, the Huangda Lake often suffers from flood water. Compared with the floods in 1950s,its precipitation in 1990s is larger, and the disaster area has broaden, which owns to low ability of storing and regulating floodwater in Huangda Lake. The remote sensing imagery and some related data can give analysis about the geological history, climate, hydrology and the topographical features of Huangda Lake, as well as the variations of the waters and some main problems. They can also make out that the silt and reclaiming land from the lake are the major reasons of the reducing of the water area. The paper proposes some measures to reduce the damage degree caused by flood, that is to strengthen the study of lake, improve the water conservancy facilities and to bring its advantage of linking Longgan Lake and Po Lake into play. The author suggests setting up an automatic system to forecast the water. Based on sustainable development, the paper puts forward some measures of developing fishery and tourist trade.

Abstract:The Huan County is situated at the north of the Loess plateau of Gansu eastern. The area is 9 326 km2. The natural vegetation is situated at the regions transition from forest-steppe to desert-steppe. The comparative studies on natural grassland vegetation at 40 years ago and present have been made. Under the influence of nature factor and human activity together, the evolution results of natural grassland vegetation are as follows. The natural distributed original vegetation is replaced almost by secondary vegetation. The vegetation constitute tend to simplify, the formation of arbor and shrub natural grown disappeared. The typical zone formation of stipa brevi-flora, stipa bungeana, and stipa grandis vanished, and some of formation distributed small area faded out. The dominant species of each formation and the ecological characters of vegetation changed, and ecological function reduced. The natural grassland vegetation is serious degeneration, and the main reason caused those is human activities, that is cultivate, felling with axe, and excess graze,not the natural factors.

Abstract:Taking the view area of Panzhihua city as an example, the suitability appraisement and regionalization of vegetation rehabilitation was undertaken in the dry hot valley by using GIS technique. Thinking of the importance to vegetation growth and distribution, some factors were considered. They were the elevation, the aspect, the slope degredient, the soil depth and the lithological composition. The weighs and the suitability values of selected factors were given through expert method. Through data dealling, spatial analyzing and model establishing and data handling, the vegetation rehabilitation suitability map was obtained. After that, the value of suitability appraisement was reclassified and merged. The area of Vegetation rehabilitation was divided into five types: suitable zone, less suitable zone, less unsuitable zone, unsuitable zone and extreme unsuitable zone. In the end the map of vegetation rehabilitation was gotten.

Abstract:A comparative study on plant importance values and community diversity under different grazing systems was conducted in desert steppe of Inner Mongolia Plateau. The results showed that the importance values of Stipa breviflora, Cleistogenes songoriea, Allium polyrhizum and C. squarrosa were higher in the rotational grazing area and in closed area than in the free stocking area, while the importance values of annual plants were higher in the free stocking area. In year 2002, Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, and Pielou index were all found higher in the free stocking area than in the rotational grazing area. However, the distribution of importance values for the influential factors with these indexes was concentrated on several dominant and constructive species, which indicated that rotational grazed grassland was more stable than the free stocked one.

Abstract:The three sample areas of original, degenerated and reconstructed vegetation in Huangfuchuan basin were chosen. The comparing analysis was carried on the species composition, dominant species important index and species diversity. The results showed that the species composition, dominant species construction and species richness of the reconstructed area had nearly approached the original vegetation area by over 20 years of small watershed reconstructing, and its ecological dominance was apparently higher than the degenerated area and the original vegetation area, but its life form spectrum and water ecotypes were similar with the degenerated area while different from the original vegetation area. Its species evenness and information diversity index were lower than the degenerated area and the original vegetation area. The problems of vegetation reconstructing methods and biodiversity restoration were discussed.

Abstract:The frequent collapses of banks have been plaguing Sanmenxia reservoir since it ran and started to store water in September of 1960. The average volume of the collapse is 0. 05~0. 07 billion m3 per year. It shows that the major reasons of the collapses of the bank are the influence of the geologic surroundings and the various hydraulic conditions and their variation character. The degree of the collapse is apparently different because of various terrain? geomorphic unit and specificity of rock in different geology surroundings. The loess platform is the extremely strong collapse segment, Yellow River terrace H is the moderately strong collapse segment and Yellow River terrace I is the strong collapse segment. The key factors which cause collapse are precipitation, surface water and groundwater. The extent and the manner of reservoir-bank collapses are different with diverse hydraulic conditions and their variations. Finally, it demonstrates that the preventive and the cure of collapse should be performed in nature and surface. The surface cure mainly includes carrying necessary reinforcement, shoring, lines and other defending projects into practice according to status of reservoir-bank collapse. The essential cure mainly performs general measures with reasons which cause collapse and with characters of collapse in different geology conditions and with hydraulic conditions. And adjust measures to local conditions and carry measures to local damages.

Abstract:Triggered mainly by intensive rainfall or rainstorms during rainy season, tens or hundreds of landslides occur each year in Hong Kong. During one rainstorm, however, rainfall intensity is riot equal though out the storm covered area. The rainstorm center where the rainfall intensity is heaviest varies spatially and temporally during the process of one rainstorm. To analyze the relationship between landslide distribution and rainstorm center and its variation, the rainstorm occurred on May. 8, 1992 was selected as an example. Aided by geographical information system, it calculated spatial distribution of the rainstorm centers at 30 minutes temporal interval. The distribution and other characteristics of landslide occurred during the rainstorm can be extracted from landslide database supplied by Geotechnical Engineering Office of Hong Kong. The landslide distribution and other features and rainstorm center for each 30 minutes can be presented at one geographical map. Based on those relationship maps, some conclusions were given as . landslides always distribute just at rainstorm center or at the marginal area of rainstorm center, temporally, landslides occur during the same 30 minutes interval or the coming 30 minutes one. The occurrence frequency of landslide is also connected with rainfall intensity that usually the more intensive rainfall, the high possibility of landslide occurrence.

Abstract:The investigation on land use and water and soil conservation measures by remote sensing is a subproject supported by the project "Investigation on water and soil conservation by remote sensing in the drainage basin of the Yellow River, Inner Mogonlia". This paper discusses the methodology and procedure of the investigation on land use and water and soil conservation measures by using the advanced technology of remote sensing and GIS, according to Landsat TM. Firstly, select the typical plots and establish the classification system and the interpretation signs -, secondly, protract the sketch map of the typical plots and indoor recognition; thirdly, field revision and compile original map; lastly, analyze the basic characters and the distributing rule, find the existent problems and bring forward the countermeasures.

Abstract:Due to human irrational resource exploit, many environment problems have become more and more serious at the lower reaches of Tarim River, which made this region become one of the most typical areas of environment degradation in western areas of China. In this paper, according to the monitoring and analysis in this region, and dynamic change of some environmental factors after five times ecological translating water in recent three years, the active effect of translating water on the ecological environment was analyzed. The results are as follows- (1) the ground-water level has changed obviously after translating water, and has different spatio-temporal rule. In time, the nearer well is more sensitive to translating water than the distant well. In space, there are different uplift of water level in different distance from river or different part of river. (2) the effect of natural vegetation on translating water are mainly represent in the coverage and special number increased. (3) Due to the respond range is still very smaller than the total range, the project of translating water should go on at the lower reaches of Tarim River. At the same time, it is necessary to adjust the ways and size of translating water for improving this regional ecological restoration.

Abstract:Mires have the important ecological and environment functional, the reclamation of mires in the Sanjing plain have affected greatly the region ecological balance and climate conditions. The soil moisture and temperature have changed greatly after reclamation of mires, the rising of soil temperature and the changes of oxidation-reduction conditions increase the decomposition of the soil organic matter and soil respiration. The contents of soil organic carbon and nitrogen decrease largely with the reclamation of mires, and change greatly during early 5~7 years, then the lose of soil organic carbon show the characters of slow changes. The soil bulk specific density specific gravity increase because short of the soil organic matter after reclamation which show the characters as same as the soil organic carbon lose.

Abstract:By analysis of climatology foundation data for implementing rainwater-harvesting efficiently agriculture, and the combinative current work foundation the rainwater-harvesting engineering techniques, such as managing surface of the catchment, constructing cellar of rainwater harvesting and facilities of water supplying, were discussed. The experiment of rainwater harvesting for improving water use efficiency was conducted. The limited compensation effect and saving water technique based on agronomic theory were studied on film-mulching rape, greenhouse vegetable, and potato. The results showed supplemental irrigation in key stage of crop requiring water could fulfill water supplying compensation or super-compensation effect and increase water use efficiency and the dry area agriculture could keep on the stability development.

Abstract:On the condition of artificial rainfall, the effects of artificial cultivation management on runoff and sediment were quantified by the method of different surface with different cultivation management artificially. The results were that runoff and sediment decreased with the increasing surface rugosity, and the calculation formula was established accordingly. The results would provide theory basis for harnessing soil and water loess and reclaiming forest and grass from farmland in Loess Plateau.

Abstract:Influence of soil particles and organic matter on distribution of 137Cs and relationship between 137Cs and organic matter in the Loess Plateau were studied. The results showed that depth distribution pattern of 137Cs wasn't consistent with that of soil particles, only similar to that of certain size soil particles within the surface several centimeters soil. Depth distribution pattern of 137Cs and organic matter depended on the land use. 137Cs and or ganic matter were enriched in the top of soil profile in uncultivated soils. However, depth distribution pattern of 137 Cs and organic matter exhibited uniform pattern in cultivated soils as a result of tillage operation. The relationship between 137Cs and organic carbon was significant at the 0. 01 level with the correlation coefficient of 0. 791.

Abstract:Based on the definition and the mechanism of dried layer of soil. It analyzed the mechanism from four aspects including climate, soil, vegetation and mankind. In addition, some fields were suggested to be study in the future.

Abstract:This report analyzed the agricultural industry structure of Wangdonggou watershed in Changwu county based on investigation. In the watershed, industry avocation and fruit are main income sources, the amount and sources of income in different type of village have a great difference. The grain-eating livestocks are main species of cultivated animals in households. Stockbreeding is not the main income source, but 35. 23 percent of households still want to develop it in the watershed. The rate of orchard area to cropland area is 1. 08. Capital, technology and information are the main restricting factors of agricultural industry structure adjustment and regional economy development.

Abstract:Aggregates are the basic units holding plant-available water and keeping the soil permeable. Objectives of this review are to highlight soil aggregating-factors, which are basic knowledge to soil management through discussion around aggregate-forming theories. This review firstly summarized the three main aggregate-formation theories: clay domain theory of Emerson, micro-aggregates theory of Edwards and Bremner and the hierarchical theory of Oades and Waters, then discussed the roles of organic matter, soluble salts and sesquioxides in aggregation of soil particles, thirdly analyzed the mechanism of aggregate slaking and dispersion and their main evaluating methods, and eventually indicated that keeping soil particles in aggregated state and increasing the soil organic matter of different types had been the main measures to increase the degree of aggregation.

Abstract:Based on the studies of the natural environmental structures of the Ba river basin in Luotian county, the different harnessing zones were divided and the harnessing patterns for optimization of the structures of agriculture and forestry were set up their benefits were demonstrated with emphasis on soil and water conservation. The severe soil erosion is in the central zone of Bahe River basin. The characters and patterns of soil erosion in this zone are related with local activities of agricultural cultivation. Following soil and water conservation the appropriate countermeasures on in this region is studied. To regulate the agricultural structure and prolong land covered periods were thought to be the most useful way to improving the ecosystem. At last the different effect about soil and water conservation were reached, the benefit were compared. On this study the author gave the conclusion: adjust agricultural structure plays important place in optimizing ecosystem on the hill soil erosion region.

Abstract:In order to implement the strategic plan of the central government as soon as possible, which about, how to do well in preventing and controlling sands around Beijing and Tianjin,how to contain the continual sandy process and desert spreading, how to strengthen the controlling level of sand and degeneration process and how to lighten wind and sand damage to the areas around Beijing and Tianjin, we start the test demonstration study of comprehensive realignment technology of sand and degeneration process of the grassland in the Hunshandakesand. The intent of it is to completely comprehend the forming and evolution law of sand and degeneration process of the grassland in the Hunshandakesand, to seek new way for solving the contradiction between animal and grass, to seek comprehensive realignment model of the grassland ecology environment,to seek sustained development model of water, grass and animal and to research,develop and introduce comprehensive realignment technologies of sand and degeneration process of grassland and rational use technologies of water and grass resources. Finally,through controlling engineering to compose,integrate demonstrate and spread all these kinds of technologies and make our new model become reality, which will provide decision basis and technology support for preventing and controlling sand of grasslands and leading the regional masses to get out of poverty and become rich.

Abstract:The oil pipeline are "better than automobile in oil conveyance, but the constructing and laying of oil pipeline can influence environment a certain extent. Combining pipeline constructing and laying characteristic, it analyses the beneficial and unprofitable environment infection in detail, such as atmosphere water, sound, ecology , social environment. At last it compares the environment and social benefit between pipeline and automobile in oil conveyance, in order to put forward reference for pipeline and government decision 'making.

Abstract:Using germination test, features of soil seed bank at the dump of Antaibao opencast mine were studied. As the result, Viable seeds, mainly of anniversary species were detected, which is the material base for re-vegetation. As the reclamation is prolonged, soil condition is improved, species increased, and the growth of seedling become better. Compared with the new land, species is increased greatly after the land is reclaimed by Hippophae rhamnoides, robinia pesudoacacia and grassland for 10 years. Also, the most abundant species is different due to the different vegetation. New land is good for seeds invasion, however, it is bad for seed germination and seedling growth.

Abstract:Adjustment experiments with 7 methods were done in soil and water conservation forest in western Liaoning. The aims are to solve the problems of pine caterpillars and pure forest of Chinese Pine are too larger. The methods are corridor method, patches method, method of open ground in forest, method of ravine in forest, method of closing the land for reforestation, method of reforestation with plane and method of planting trees into mixed stand. 14 species were selected to adjustment of species structure in soil and water conservation forest based on the abilities of water utilization of tree species and growth situation. 3 adjustment patterns of species structure of soil and water conservation forest are set up based on experiment and matching species with the site. After pure forest of Chinese Pine were adjusted Pine caterpillars no more occurred with higher amount, and abilities of soil and water conservation grew, and tree growth increased, economic and social benefit were double than before. Now, there are 3 stands after adjusted, the first one is soil and water conservation forest with ecological benefit on poor condition, the second one is soil and water conservation forest with ecological and economic benefit in medium condition, the last one is soil and water conservation forest with timber benefit on good condition.

Abstract:Ecohydrology is a new and developing frontier science for nearly 20 years, which studies the interrelation between hydrology and ecology on the watershed scale, and seeks the new approach to ecological balance and sustainable utilization of water resources in watershed. Now the ecohydrology has been paid great attention in academic circles in China, but the research is just on its beginning stage. Internationally, although many studies have been carried out, especially in the United States, Europe and Canada, but there are still divergences for some basic problems, such as the definition of ecohydrology. Ecohydrology and some relevant concepts are reviewed and discussed briefly in this paper, including the definition of ecohydrology, ecosystem approach, habitat quality and its composition, environmental factors affecting biological integrity, analytical approaches, and concepts in river ecology. The purpose is to deepen the knowledge of ecohydrology.