Abstract:西北地区生态脆弱,环境压力大,虽然经过长期建设,整体状况并未得到根本改善 .其中有主观和客观两方面的原因.文章从生态学基础角度,反观近50年来的生态建设, 对西北地区植被建设目标的理论依据、植被的多样性和景观的异质性、植被生态系统的自我 恢复与循环、植被类型的空间分异等4个方面做了初步论述,以期对西部大开发中的新一轮生态建设有所参考.

Abstract:采用机会成本法、市场价格替代法等手段对重庆四面山地区典型亚热带常绿阔叶林生态系统 的涵养水源、保持土壤、净化空气、固定CO2、休闲游憩等生态系统功能进行了初步估 算.最后得出该地区森林生态系统的涵养水源价值为1.035亿元、保持土壤价值为0.279 7亿元、固定CO2价值为0.837 9亿元、净化空气价值为0.687 0亿元、休闲游憩价值为1.90 0 4亿元.该地区森林生态系统服务功能的总价值为4.74亿元 .

Abstract:生态区划是生态系统合理管理和自然资源持续利用的基础,可为区域生态环境建设和 可持续发展政策的制订提供科学依据.本文概述了国内外生态区划研究的历史与现状,在对 近几年生态区划研究成果及其分区方案进行总结归纳和对比分析的基础上,探讨了生态区划指 标体系的构建、区划的途径与方法及其存在的主要问题.指出目前常用的模糊聚类分析法在 生态区划中存在局限性,建议在3S(RS,GIS,GPS)技术支持下发展新的、基于空间邻域分析的生态区划方法.

Abstract:总结了迄今为止世界范围内对刺槐人工林培育的经验和研究成果,并结合我国的 实际情况,分析了我们在刺槐形态学与环境、刺槐育种、造林、抚育以及刺槐人工林群落学 特征等方面存在的不足之处和盲点,提出了我国将来进一步研究刺槐的方向的建议.

Abstract:森林生态环境健康评价是森林保护与持续利用的基础,建立一套科学的森林生态环境 健康评价指标体系,可为制定科学的森林保护对策提供依据,对提高森林可持续经营水平和 环境管理水平具有重要的指导作用.本文依据一定的原则,从森林自然环境背景、森林生态 系统、林区社会经济3个方面,探讨并建立了一套操作方便,既能反映森林生态环境健康质 量,又能反映森林生态环境健康变化趋势的指标体系,并提出了森林生态环境健康评价的综合指数法及其等级划分.

Abstract:金沙江河谷脆弱生态系统具有:干旱程度加剧,土壤凋萎湿度(PWP)长达7～8个月 ,使许多植物无法生长;水热矛盾突出;水土流失严重;人为破坏频繁;植物群落 破坏容易,恢复难;土壤胀缩性高而不利于作物生长等特点.其中水分短缺是脆弱生态系 统最严重的问题.因此,植被恢复以及可持续发展模式的建立应按水分来源划分为不同的建 设系统,即:雨养生态系统,保水补灌系统,适水灌溉系统.针对不同系统,从 整体性、紧迫性、持久性、创新性、多样性、高效性、层次性角度提出金沙江干热河谷退化 生态系统植被恢复及可持续生态农业模式.即生物立体共生的生态农业模式、物质循环利用 的生态农业模式、生态环境综合治理模式、资源开发利用综合模式、综合发展与全面建设的生态农业模式.

Abstract:针对中国西部干旱区生态环境特点,综合前期研究成果,介绍生态环境调控理论 框架,提出西部干旱区生态环境调控模式,即4大类9个模式.第一大类为水主式,包括配水 式、节水式;第二大类为保护式,包括保水式、保土式、保生式;第三大类为开发式,包括 专门开发式、综合开发式;第四大类为协调式,包括区域协调式、流域协调式.本文还对各 种模式进行描述和分析,并以塔里木河流域的部分区域为例来阐述调控模式的应用.为指导干旱区生态环境调控提供几种可借鉴的模式和范例.

Abstract:The construction in terrace has been carried out for several thousand yars in China.Based on the analysis and summarizations of the available information,the research extent and existing problems for environmental effect of level terrace are discussed.The present situation and contents for the research is analyzed and the development trend of the research is forecasted.

Abstract:Gully erosion is a common phenomenon of soil loss. The quantitative study on gully erosion can unveil more its law. This would provide some scientific basis to establish predicting models and to assess the harm of it and how to govern it. This paper introduces briefly some quantitative study methods on gully erosion in the past several years and gives comments about those that include the proper scope and the advantages and some limitations and points out some problems solved in the future and study direction.

Abstract:In recent years,with the development of information technology and the application of landscape ecology and ecology economics in torrent control ,in the field of torrent control,some progress was made in theory and research method. The research achievements and application of information technology in torrent control were summarized; furthermore the problems urgent to solve were presented.

Abstract:The area of the high frigid regions of China is more than one forth of the total area of China. Desertification is one of the obstacles to development of economic.The cause of desertification is not only natural but also anthropogenic factors,the natural factor is a slowly and gradually process. Human severe activities enhanced the natural desertification process and made its development very fierce. At last discussed the based rule and strategy on desertification control suit locally in the main distribute regions.

Abstract:Using the new method, namely Fixed Soil Core Eu Tracer(FSCET), the temporal and spatial distribution of soil erosion was studied on loess slope field under different land use patterns. The results show that the new method is applicable to loess slope fields where sheet and rill erosion are dominate erosion; temporal distribution of erosion is consistent with that of rainfall; rainstorm period is the peak period of soil erosion in a year; in the complex landscapes, the steep and gentle slopes appear to be strong or week erosion and deposition, which can be quantified by vertical distribution of soil erosion; soil erosion rate decrease in the order: young walnut>Chinese scholartree>waste grassland>alfalfa.

Abstract:降雨是影响低丘红壤坡地土壤侵蚀和养分随径流迁移的一个关键因子.利用三角量 水堰自动测量径流量和自动雨量计观测数据,分析了鹰潭小流域的季节性降雨径流特征.小流域降雨主要发生在4～6月,总量达512.4 mm,占观测时段总雨量的70.1%,而旱季7～9月仅为218.9 mm.上游、下游围堰累积径流量随旱季、雨季的变化表明:小流域降雨-径流- 土壤水界面水分转化可分为土壤水补给阶段(4月14日～6月14日)、土壤水饱和阶段(6月15 日～7月28日)和土壤水消耗阶段(7月28日以后).雨季径流量对降雨的响应波动超过旱季 .日累积降雨量与日累积径流量有极显著的正相关关系.径流小区水样分析结果说明观测期下坡径流小区总氮(TN)、总磷 (TP)浓度高于上坡.

Abstract:以长江上游典型区彭州市为例,在该区SOTER(1∶50 000)数据库的支持下,选取地貌类型 、坡度、植被覆盖率、土地利用、土壤类型等作为评价因子,运用专家权重模型,将研究区 分为无险型、轻险型、危险型、强险型和极险型5种类型,输出了土壤侵蚀危险度评价图, 并指出了各种类型的防治侵蚀的措施.

Abstract:波涌灌溉土壤间歇入渗数学模型是进行波涌灌溉田面水流运动数值模拟和灌水方案优 化设计的基础.本文介绍了国内外波涌灌溉土壤间歇入渗的几类主要数学模型:Richards模 型、权重函数模型、Kostiakov-Lewis模型或Kostiakov模型、周期-循环率模型、梯函数模 型和其它模型的应用现状,并进行了分析和评价.

Abstract:Drainage and reduced water inflow are important reasons threatening the existence of wetlands at the present time. Based on the hydrologic criteria published by USDA-SCS in 1991, we conducted a modeling analysis with the field hydrology model-DRAINMOD on the change of wetland hydrology. The analysis focused on the change in water volume due to artificial drainage in humid areas and reduced inflow in arid areas. The model simulation results show that in humid areas with annual precipitation more than 1 000 mm, wetland hydrologic criteria can be easily satisfied with no artificial drainage. When drain spacing is larger than 150 m, half year still have wetland hydrology. For an arid area with annual precipitation less than 250 mm, minimum base inflow required to maintain wetland hydrology in the growing season is 173 mm and 155 mm, respectively, for the beginning and ending months of the growing season, which are 22 and 16 times of the average precipitation of the two months.

Abstract:It analyzed the method of time series forecast with neural network and the principal of neural network, built the model of soil water forecast. The simulated showed: The model can give good result; The method of building soil water forecast model with neural network is available.

Abstract:对北碚观音峡背斜岩溶低山不同土地利用方式下土壤的持水、供水、吸水和蒸发特征进行了研究。结果表明,土地利用方式的不同使低吸力段水分状况存在明显差异,样地1,7的供水性能较好,样地3和6持、供水能力都较好,样地9的持、供水性能差,样地4,10的持水性能较好但供水能力较差。样地2,3,5,9土壤比水容量达10-7数量级(ml/Pa·g)时在土水势-10～-30kPa范围开始出现,表明其土壤的保水供水性能相对弱;各样地土壤在土水势-30～-60kPa时比水容量达10-7数量级,表明岩溶山地土壤在脱水过程中,在还未达到理论上的BCM值时,实际就有可能因水分不足而对植物生长产生不利影响。通径分析表明,岩溶山地土壤的持水性能主要与有机质、>0.25mm水稳性团聚体有关,二者的效应大于粘粒的效应。

Abstract:The province of Sichuan, the conjoint part of northwest, southwest and middle of China, lies in the upper reach of the Yangtze River. Since the key management engineering of soil and water loss in the upper reach of the Yangtze River was actualized in 1989,some achievements on soil and water conservation and ecological environment construction in Sichuan have been made. Basing on the computation of the third remote sensing data, soil and water loss in Sichuan ,that is the first environmental problem affecting Sichuan social and economic development, is still grievous. Speeding up Sichuan soil and water conservation and ecological environment construction and improving Sichuan ecological environment is a very urgent strategic task. As above, the author of the paper have brought forward some countermeasures and suggestions on how to construct Sichuan soil and water conservation and ecological environment, and hoped that these could service for Sichuan social economic continuous development.

Abstract:Quarries in China is faced with serious degradation of ecological environment and destruction of landscape, which is attention getting by all levels of government and relevant experts. This article introduces some cases of ecological restoration of foreign quarries in detail, which are helpful to improve environment deterioration of our native quarries.

Abstract:Nowadays desertification is one of the best important environment problems in the world, and recently it is the best serious environment problems too in China. Hunshandake sand land is one of the four biggest sand land in the Neimenggu and is the cradle of the wind and sand in Beijing and Tianjin. So it is very significant to harness this sand land. On the basis of chronically surveying and searching Hunshandake sand land, concatenating the things on the spot, and summarizing the experiences of the predecessors, it put forward better practicablethree mode and narrated in detail how to harness the generic sand land, deserted grass land and serious deserted land respectively.

Abstract:Based on the interpretation of the essentials of both ecological restoration through soil conservation and the ecological province program of Fujian, their inherent relations were analyzed. Through a review on the practices of ecological restoration through soil conservation in Fujian, the main achievements and the experiences were generalized. With this understanding, the countermeasures were proposed for fulfilling the two experimental works of the national ecological restoration through soil conservation. Therefore, it provides some very important implications for the ecological province program of Fujian.

Abstract:Changchun is one of cities that water deficiency is serious in China. The contradiction of municipal water between supply and demand is great. Water pollution, water quality deterioration, water resource waste and social and environmental problems that are caused by them are very sharp. Based on analysis of existing state of water resource, the demand of municipal water and the potential of the utilizable water resource in 21st century in Changchun are analyzed in detailed, and put forward available proposals about sustainable development of water resource in Changchun.

Abstract:以济南市山丘区为研究范围,在RS和GIS技术支持下,通过分析不同坡度、不同土壤侵蚀强 度和不同土壤侵蚀危险度条件下的旱地分布情况,提出了济南市退耕还林还草决策方案.

Abstract:利用定位土芯稀土元素(Eu)示踪法及中子活化技术,对蒋家塘小流域坡地土壤侵蚀空间分 布规律进行了研究,并利用模糊数学的方法,建立了影响蒋家塘小流域侵蚀土壤肥力因素单因子评价模型,利用层次分析法确定各评价因子的权重,并用加权法得到 每个评价单元的土壤肥力综合指数,根据其数值的大小,将土壤肥力分为高(>0.45)、中( 0.25～0.45)和低(<0.25)3级.借助地理信息系统软件ARCVIEW3.1对蒋家塘小流域坡地土壤 侵蚀状况和土壤肥力状况进行了分析,结果表明地形部位较高,坡度较大,植被较少或裸 露的坡顶及上坡部位,土壤侵蚀量较大,侵蚀程度严重;而在地形部位较缓,植被覆盖度较 大的坡段土壤侵蚀量较小,侵蚀较轻.植被覆盖度较小,顺坡种植的坡段,土壤侵蚀量较大 ,土壤侵蚀严重;而植被覆盖度较大,等高梯田种植的坡段土壤侵蚀量较小,土壤侵蚀较轻 ;下坡部位土壤往往发生沉积.在整个小流域中,侵蚀程度严重(>100 t/hm2*a)的坡地面积比例为15.67%,侵蚀程度中等(10～100 t/hm2*a)的坡地比例为22.13%,侵蚀程度较轻(1～10 t/hm2*a)坡地比例为5.60%,无侵蚀(<1 t/hm2*a)的坡地比例为34 .23%.土壤肥力较高的坡地面积比例为22.00%,中等的为34.75%,低下的为20.85%.蒋家塘 小流域坡地土壤肥力水平多数处于中下等水平,占总流域面积的55.60%,占坡地面积71 .62%. 水土流失是造成土壤肥力降低,土壤贫瘠化的一个最重要的原因,侵蚀严重的地方,土壤肥 力低下,侵蚀较轻或沉积的地方,土壤肥力较高,土壤侵蚀模数与土壤肥力指数之间的相关指数为0.801(n=33),达极显著水平.

Abstract:水土流失是破坏自然环境最严重和最突出的问题,我国是水土流失非常严重的国家,几乎遍 及所有的省、自治区、直辖市,共有水土流失面积492万km2,占国土面积的51.2%.严重 的水土流失不仅对自然环境造成破坏,也严重制约国民经济的发展.水利水电工程、矿产资 源开发、公路铁路建设、城镇开发建设等西部开发工程中,都将遇到水土流失与环境问题, 本文阐述了西部地区水土流失与环境的现状,分析了工程建设对水土流失与环境的影响,提出西部开发工程中防治水土流失的措施.

Abstract:Based on studying the affecting types of environment related to underground engineering in karst region, environmental engineering geology problems are discussed in the Yuanliangshan Tunnel from the view point of environment engineering. The hydrogeology feature is analyzed, outcome of water quality analysis is evaluated from the point of view of chemical thermodynamics; result evaluated shows the underground water has weak corrasion to rock carbonate and concrete. Finally, measures that prevent the vicious effect to environment due to underground engineering are presented in karst region.

Abstract:老风口是一个干旱缺水的地区。防风阻雪林的建设,不仅极大的减轻了风雪灾害对过往车辆的影响,而且改善了当地的生态环境。根据测算,林区森林植被覆盖率达到24.33%,年拦阻雪量约1651.06万m3,融雪水量约为1238.3万m3;林区内的风速较旷野降低30%～50%,气温振幅减少±1.5～3.1℃,空气相对湿度可提高2%～5%,蒸发量降低5%～20%。

Abstract:为了解天然林改为经济林后土壤生物学性质发生的变化,采集了从天然马尾松林改 变而来并经营了7年的青梅林、板栗林、早竹林和梨园土壤样品.分析结果表明:天然马尾 松林改成经济林后,土壤微生物量发生了不同的变化.早竹土壤的微生物量碳、氮明显增高 ,0～0.2 m土层分别比马尾松林增加了28.96%和26.03%;青梅林土壤下降幅度最大,微生物 量碳、氮分别比马尾松林下降了36.21%和22.19%(0～0.2 m土层).虽不同经济林土壤微生物量有 较大变化,但不同经济林土壤微生物碳氮比变化不大,它们变动均在6.15～8.15.土壤微生 物碳与微生物氮之间及其与土壤总碳量、全氮、水解氮、有效磷之间相关性均达极显著水平.

Abstract:前人使用石膏改良碱化土壤,用大水淹灌、灌排配套的条件下频繁换水等措施.但在 西北干旱半干旱地区,根据水资源的条件,不能照搬他们的成功经验.本文运用土柱模拟石 膏改良碱化土壤的过程,认为最佳灌水量与石膏的处理方式有关,石膏与土混匀的处理只需保证最佳灌水量为134.47 m3/hm2即可.建议先将一定量的石膏混匀,施入表层土壤, 灌入134.47 m3/hm2水,然后将剩余的石膏表施于地表进行灌水的方式比较经济.

Abstract:嘉陵江是上长江上游的重要支流,是长江三峡水库重要的洪水和泥沙来源地,也是“长治 “工程重点实施对象.通过对典型支流和干流沿程主要站降雨径流和降雨输沙模型的应用研 究,分析了水保措施的减水减沙效益.同时应用统计预测模型、BP网络模型、双累积曲线预测模型,对嘉陵江流域未来水沙变化趋势进行了预测.

Abstract:通过对黄土高原水土保持世行贷款项目实施后土壤物理性状变化的分析,了解不同水土保持 措施对土壤物理性状的影响.结果表明,水土保持措施的实施,使砂壤土的物理性粘粒逐渐 增加,物理性砂粒相应减少,土壤容重降低,孔隙度增大,改善了土壤结构;同时以延河项 目区人工种草为例,经计算消除降水影响后,所得水保措施对土壤含水量的影响量达2.35% .

Abstract:通过对福建省宁化县禾口镇退化紫色土采取3种不同治理措施的土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性和土壤微生物特性的研究,结果表明:治理后土壤有机质、>0.25mm水稳性团聚体含量均有不同程度的提高;治理后土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量及微生物总数有明显的增加,土壤水解性酶和氧化还原酶活性得到显著的增强,土壤养分贮量和速效养分供应强度得到明显的改善,土壤肥力得到不同程度的恢复。表明紫色土的治理应根据其所处的不同退化阶段而采取相应的治理措施,才能使土壤的物理化学性质、土壤肥力得到较好的恢复。

Abstract:以吉林省3种主要耕作土壤为供试样品,采用傅积平等修改丘林的胶散分组法分离复合体,并用Kumad K法对土壤及各组复合体进行了研究.结果表明土壤中各组复合体的相对含量受土壤性质和成土条件制约,在以3组复合体的相对含量为坐标轴的三角坐标图中不 同土壤的分布区域是特征性的,三角坐标图可以作为利用胶散复合体的组成特征进行土壤发 生分类的参考依据.3组复合体的腐殖化度顺序为G0≥G1＞G2,G2组的所谓“ 活性较低“并非其腐殖质老化而是其结合状态较紧所致.

Abstract:The balance between water and soil is very important for agriculture. So it is strategic significance to measure the degree of the balance between water and soil for rational and efficient development of water and cropland resource. This study develops a model of regional Gini coefficient which provides a new methodology of regional study on the balance of resources, such as water and soil. The result showed that the degree of the balance between water and soil in China is pretty much the same thing as the average in the world or in Asia.

Abstract:通过盆栽试验,对不同土壤水分条件幼龄桉树生理生态特点进行了分析.结果表明, 不同土壤水分条件下桉树的枝叶生长有明显差异,水分不足将导致桉树分枝少,叶片少,叶 面积减少,下部叶子叶尖枯死;不同土壤水分条件对桉树生理也有明显影响,水分不足将导 致叶片气体交换阻力增大,蒸腾量和蒸腾时间减少,光合速率降低.总的影响是生长量水分 利用效率显著降低.依据试验结果,如在干旱季节采取适当的保水措施或灌溉措施,使土壤田间持水量提高到40%～50%,桉树的生长量可大大增加.

Abstract:针对黑河下游额济纳旗绿洲面积不断减少、生态环境日趋恶化的问题,在实地调查该 旗绿洲的主体--典型植被和收集有关植物资源调研成果的基础上,初步查明了典型植被现状 ,经过分析讨论认为,为了有效保护和拯救现有典型植被、尽快遏制生态环境恶化的局面, 应抓紧制定保护和发展规划,增加其生态用水量,大力推行围栏封育,进一步扩大自然保护 区规模,充分发挥生态自我修复能力,同时,还应因地制宜地发展人工植被、适当引进优良水土保持经济植物等.

Abstract:Based on the natural economy of Hexi corridor, it discusses the worsening ecological conditions and forestation problem of the ecological environment in towns and villages in Hexi corridor. Some applicable strategies are attached which can be adopted in other analogous areas to improve the environmental conditions of ecological environment in towns and villages in Hexi corridor.

Abstract:多年生香豌豆是1998年初从美国引进的豆科牧草之一,经过在黄土高原地区 3年的引种试验研究表明,其具有适应性强、生长迅速、耐旱、耐瘠薄、耐盐碱、产草量高 、适口性强、覆盖度强、种植技术简单等特点,是优良的水土保持和饲料植物.

Abstract:在黄土高原沟壑区、丘陵第一付区和丘陵第三付区的山坡地分别布置苹果、梨和枣 进行试验研究,研究得到果园应用新技术能显著增加果树的生长量和提高产量,土壤肥力不 断提高,各肥力指标较同类的农作物地分别提高3%～121%,纯经济收入增加2.8～7倍,产量 和产值的逐年递增率高于农作物地,其相对变动率、绝对变动率和变异系数均低于农作物, 果园生产具有较高的稳定性和恢复弹性的能力.表明黄土高原山坡地建果园是土地资源高效利用的重要途径.

Abstract:我国土地分类系统中存在的共同缺陷是对土地生态特性考虑不够,因此,很有必 要建立起土地生态分类系统.土地生态分类系统的原则应遵循:以可持续发展理论为指导、 科学性与实用性相结合以及其它方面的要求等原则,其依据主要有:考虑到土地的生态属性 及其演变特征、人类对土地生态系统的入侵程度和利用保护手段等.在此基础上我们尝试性地提出了土地生态分类系统.

Abstract:Land resource is the base of city agriculture development.After analyzing the current situations of agricultural land in Hangzhou,it puts forward that it is important to plan the location of city agriculture and construct the basic infrastructure of agricultural land.In the end, it suggests the corresponding land use policies of city agriculture development in Hangzhou.

Abstract:Supervisory practice of the ecological construction project for soil and water conservatoin of the Yellow River has accumulated rich experience for promoting the system in the country from angles of supervisory features,functions and contents in ecological construction project for soil and water consevation.The existing problems are:work at the earlier stage cannot satisfy the requirement of supervisory work;much alteration that is difficult to deal with;workload for forestation and vegetation is difficult to verify;the collocated fund cannot reach the designated position and how to render an account if the management task could not be finished;notification from supervising engineer is difficult to carry out;project tendering is not standard;supervising engineer fails to fulfill his supervisory duty,and etc.From now on,we should solve the problems that the supervisory work is facing from the following aspects:perfecting the work at the earlier stage and be strict with the project management;endowing the supervising engineer with right of alteration under the condition of unchangeable scale and investment of the project;altering mode of investment for the project;and reinforcing construction of laws,rules and regulations.

Abstract:讨论了岩溶多重介质环境与岩溶区农业可持续发展的关系,指出岩溶地区农 业面临的问题均与岩溶多重介质环境的复杂性、脆弱性与作用相关.提出岩溶地区农业可持续发展的主要思路与切实可行的技术措施.

Abstract:在分析砂、泥岩特性的基础上,通过离散元数值分析,研究了万县长江库岸危岩在不同工况下的稳定性,直观地揭示出危岩在不同工况下的破坏程度,得出危岩的主要破坏形式为倾倒式崩塌,并总结出危岩的大规模破坏发生在蓄水回水期,为三峡危岩治理的对策及时间提供了有价值的参考.

Abstract:新疆兵团垦区是新疆的重要组成部分,它广泛遍布于全疆各地,自然环境隶属新疆大 环境,但由于其在新疆的分布特点,它又有其自身水土流失特点.本文通过对全疆自然环境 调查,分析了兵团垦区水土流失现象,并根据兵团垦区所处环境特点围绕绿洲从3个方面制定水土流失治理方法,结合各业制定适合兵团垦区水土流失治理的措施.

Abstract:On the base of the surface erosion and indoor artificial rainfall, the variation of the characteristics about soil surface were studied by the methods of three stages rainfall. The result was that the variation of random roughness and oriented roughness were different. The former had an increasing trend and a decreasing trend for the latter, and the variation increased with the increasing rainfall density.

Abstract:以地理信息系统和人工智能技术为信息平台,探索滑坡危险度区划研究的新途径 .以三峡库区开县移民区为研究区,把传统的危险度区划理论与新兴的地理信息系统和人工智能技术相结合,为三峡移民工程的顺利实施起到了指导性的作用.

Abstract:黑方台1968年开始提灌灌溉,由于灌溉水的下渗,滑坡灾害越来越严重,到199 0年左右达到高峰,1992年以后基本稳定,保持在年平均4次左右.文章通过黑方台滑坡区灌 溉引起的土体理化性质的变化分析,探讨了由于灌溉引起滑坡的机理.通过分析该区滑坡灾 害,得到黑方台滑坡年均产沙量为5.722×105m3,年均地下潜蚀量为1.552×106 m3,共计产沙1.552×106m3,年均经济损失33.8万元的结论.

Abstract:泥石流入汇主河属于复杂的非牛顿流体与牛顿流体汇流问题,由于其机理的复杂性,一直缺少这方面的研究。本文在试验的基础上,分析了泥石流入汇主河后,汇口附近各水力参数的变化规律。探讨了泥石流入汇后下游水位相对壅高与流量比以及交汇角的关系,得出相对壅水高度随流量比及交汇角的增大而增大的结论。分析了交汇口附近淤积量及淤积率与流量及流量比的关系。30°,60°和120°交汇角情况下,淤积量总体趋势是随支流流量及流量比的增大而增大,淤积率随总流量增大而减小,在主支流量相当时出现最大值;90°交汇时,淤积量随支流流量及流量比的增大而减小,淤积率随总流量增大而增大,在主支流量相当时出现最小值。

Abstract:经多次与市县两级水电局和林业局同志及退耕户进行座谈, 并对退耕还林试点工程现场进行 实地考察,了解该县金沙江流域水土流失情况和退耕还林试点工程的实施现状,对退耕还林试点工程实施过程中存在的诸多问题提出了参考建议,供有关部门决策时参考.

Abstract:为了充分利用荒山、荒坡土地资源的优势,加快山区经济的发展速度,从1995年起,引 进茶叶上山坡地,历时5年完成了高山区茶叶栽培技术试验与蓄水保土效益分析,并探索出 提高茶叶品质,优质、高产的栽培技术措施.全县1995～2000年发展高山茶叶266.6 hm2, 2000年产茶叶32万kg,实现经济效益约计人民币3 200万元.