Abstract:坡地水土流失是导致区域土壤质量退化与土地生产力下降的重要原因。采用野外天然降雨-径流小区试验法,初步研究了黄土高原黄绵土休闲坡耕地一次轻度侵蚀(侵蚀量410～435t/km2)降雨前后土壤质量的退化特征。试验结果表明,降雨侵蚀前后坡地表层(0～5cm)土壤性质均具有相似的波状变化特征,其中>50μm砂粒含量与50～20μm微团聚体含量随坡长的增加呈降低趋势,而粘粒含量、比表面积(SSA)、20～2μm微团聚体含量、土壤有效磷(AP)与全磷(TP)含量以及土壤含水量均为增大趋势,表明由于长期处于侵蚀环境表层土壤的细颗粒与养分逐渐向坡下迁移,坡地土壤在向质地沙化和肥力退化方向发展。统计分析表明,坡地土壤AP与TP含量均与土壤粘粒含量及SSA呈显著正相关,TP含量与20～2μm微团聚体含量呈显著正相关。坡地土壤性质在降雨前后的变化不如其沿坡面的空间变化呈显著,但是坡地土壤与径流泥沙的分析结果仍然显示出,降雨主要导致有效养分(AP)、<20μm细颗粒以及20～2μm微团聚体在坡面的迁移与流失,这正是坡地土壤质量退化的主要原因。

Abstract:Phosphorous in submerged soil will dissolve in water and influence water quality when the reservoir begin to run.In this study, the Baohe (Bao River) Reservoir with the functions of adjusting and storing water at the mid-route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project is taken as an example. On the basis of field investigation, simulative experiment is conducted with distilled water and different simulative waters at the same time. The results revealed that concentration of total phosphorus has changed under the experimental conditions, and change in distilled water is less than in simulative water.When there is a high concentration of total phosphorus and Ca~(2 ) in simulative water,the extract of phosphorous in soil is little.The submerged soil will not exert significant adverse effect on water quality on the whole.

Abstract:风沙土有机质易于分解,难以积累,腐殖质是风沙土有机质的主体,胡敏素是腐殖质的主要成分,HA/FAD的比值在0.16～0.57,风沙土土壤全氮与有机质含量显著相关。施用氮肥可以显著增加土壤中硝态氮的含量,NO3--N含量在0～30cm,30～60cm,60～90cm和90～120cm土层的高峰分别出现在5,6,7,8月。土壤有机质的含量与施入土壤的有机肥量相关,而且随着有机肥施用量的提高,土壤有机质、全氮、NH4 -N、NO3--N、速效氮均显著增加。有机肥和氮肥配合施用对麻黄不同阶段的硝态氮含量具有明显的影响,且NO3--N的积累峰明显上移。麻黄氮肥于4,5,6,7月施肥用量分别为153.8～153.9kg/hm2,15.2～15.5kg/hm2,105.5～105.6kg/hm2,112.8～113.0kg/hm2。

Abstract:Soil organic carbon(SOC) is an important carbon pool in the terrestrial system, to inspect the effect on SOC of intensive practice in the bamboo stands, soil samples under bamboo stands which had 5~10 year history intensive management were collected as profile sample. The plots under traditional practices were sampled for comparison. It is found that intensive practice caused a decrease in total organic carbon(TOC),water soluble organic carbon(WSOC) and microbial biomass(MBC) compared with those under traditional plot, the difference reach significant level(P<0.05). The percentage of MBC to TOC was observed in decline trends. The molecule weight of WSOC appeared drop to after intensive management. However, the minerable carbon amount and their percentage to TOC was getting ascend, indicating lower stability of SOC but easy to mineralization. These different fractions of organic mentioned above were all interrelated(P<0.05), and they also were well related to soil total nitrogen(TN) and hydrolysable nitrogen(HN),but not available phosphorus(A-P) and available potassium(A-K). The profile distribution of different fractions of organic carbon were not altered by intensive practice.

Abstract:The characteristics of soil microbial distribution of different planted forest have been researched on the base of the methods of typical region investigation, experimental study in site, and laboratory analysis samples. Impact of conifer problem of much area on biological diversity and the distribution pattern of soil profile microbial community in planted forestland of conifer forest (Pinus massonniana), broad-leaved forest and mixed forests have been analyzed and discussed. The effective way and countermeasures of vegetation rebuild and ecological restoration have been put forward.

Abstract:在西藏中部春播条件下,就不同培肥方式对土壤剖面微生物区系及其主要生理类群变化的影响,以及土壤微生物与土壤有机质、土壤养分的相互关系进行了研究。结果表明,细菌、放线菌、纤维素分解菌的土体差异较大,并主要集中于耕层;真菌、固氮菌的土体差异则极小。2～30,31～60cm土层土壤细菌在微生物区系构成中均占绝对优势,化肥对调控土壤细菌数量具有重要作用。不同培肥方式对2～30,31～60cm土层土壤真菌、固氮菌以及2～30cm土层土壤放线菌的繁殖普遍具有不同程度的抑制作用;2～30,31～60cm土层固氮菌与纤维素分解菌均呈负相关。土壤微生物与土壤有机质的相互促进作用较为明显,对提高土壤有效氮、有效磷亦具重要作用。

Abstract:The dynamics of soil N and K nutrition and of the activities of soil catalase,urease and polyphenol oxidase, and their relationships during wheat growth were studied. The content of soil available N, available K and non-exchangeable K changed regularly with wheat growth. The activities of soil CAT,URE,PPO increased previously, reached a maximum during the jointing and heading stage, then decreased and gradually remained stable.No relationships were observed between the content of soil AN,NEK and soil PPO activity, the content of soil NEK and soil URE activity during the early and late period of wheat growth, the content of soil AK and soil URE,PPO activities during the late period of wheat growth, while the relationships between the content of soil AN,AK,NEK and the activities of soil CAT,URE,PPO reached significant or extremely significant level during other periods of wheat growth.

Abstract:Based on 3 years locating and semi-locating observation, the amount of soil loss in runoff from yellow soil of hilly areas by de farming and reafforestation in Guizhou province. The results showed: reduce the soil nutrient to runoff, improve soil physical properties, increase the soil hole capacities, reduce soil bulk density and reduce soil and water losses, can obviously lower the soil erosion.

Abstract:在潞安矿业集团五阳矿区采煤塌陷地上,按照混推和剥离两种复垦技术,分复垦种植l年、3年和5年进行采样,对不同复垦技术及时间条件下土壤养分(有机质、氮、磷、钾)和重金属元素(镉、铅、铬、汞)含量以及物理性质(容重、毛管持水量、总孔隙度、团粒结构)进行采样分析研究。结果表明:1剥离复垦耕地的土壤肥力基本保持不变,耕层养分高于底层,并呈逐年上升趋势;2混推复垦耕地的土壤肥力低且不匀,必须采取措施尽快提高地力;3土壤重金属元素含量的变化主要受矿区粉尘和污水影响,与土地复垦技术和年限关系不大;4平川地区采煤塌陷地的复垦采用剥离复垦的效益较好。这为合理确定矿区土地复垦的技术和地力恢复时间提供一定的借鉴。

Abstract:Based on the investigation and analysis in the field, it was measured the soil organic matter and the rapidly available nutrients of young Hippophae rhamnoides,Rosa xanthina Lindl,Pinus tabulaeformis,grassland and farmland,used DUNCAN method to check the difference of organic matter. The results showed that: (1)Plant restoration could increase the content of the soil organic matter remarkably, and the effect was: grassland>Hippophae rhamnoides>Rosa xanthina Lindl>Pinus tabulaeformis; (2) With the deeper of the soil, the benefit that plant restoration the degree of development was decreased obviously, soil organic matter had the feature of gathering on the surface, it was significant in plant of grassland and bush; (3)Soil rapidly available nitrogen had great develop in different plant types; soil rapidly available phosphorus increased slightly; soil rapidly available potash of Hippophae rhamnoides and Pinus tabulaeformis were all droped sharply expect grassland and Rosa xanthina Lindl's were higher than farmland's.

Abstract:Soil physical properties were studied during subalpine coniferous plantation rehabilitation in western Sichuan. The results showed that soil silt, clay, physical clay, aggregate degree and structure coefficient in topsoil decreased with increasing of spruce plantation age and soil sand increased. Soil saturated water capacity, capillary water capacity, total porosity and capillary porosity showed the trend of the "U" during the successional course of spruce plantation, namely, they reduced on the early successional stages and recovered slowly with improvement of forest micro-environment after spruce plantation reached mature forest. The content of soil natural water was mainly controlled by capillary porosity. In order to accelerate the course of plant restoration and rehabilitation, the strategy and measures to increase plant diversity and to decrease water and soil loss were put forward, including application of thinning rationally for existing dense plantations and establishment of mixture forest of conifer and broadleaf trees for new plantations, which would create good soil physical environment for plant growth.

Abstract:There is a close relation between the pattern of vegetation and the spatial heterogeneity of soil properties. This paper mainly studies the spatial heterogeneity of soil properties in the processes of shifting sand fixation without irrigation in the area of the precipitation below 200mm. The results show that with the succession from artificial plants to natural vegetation, environment of soil formation and circulation of soil material were influenced; the physical and chemical properties of soil have been changed. (1)The content of the fine-particle, electric conductivity, pH value, content of total nitrogen and organicmatter in fixation region have increased compared with the shifting sand region, moreover, the difference is evident (p<0.05). The crust and 0~5 cm layers of soil properties have great changes. The soil properties of 5~30 cm layer have been altered but the changes is little because of the effect of the crust and 0~5cm layers. The development of the crust and 0~5 cm layers results in the vertical variation of the soil propertities.(2)The shifting sand with relatively uniform soil texture has not changed in soil properties with the increasing soil depth.(3)There are no distinctions between fixing sand of the different age (p>0.05), but the development of 0~5 cm layer is closely connected with the crust layer (p<(0.05)).

Abstract:比较研究了南亚热带鼎湖山森林群落演替序列中马尾松林、针阔混交林和季风常绿阔叶林表层(0～20cm)土壤pH值、有机质、全N、速效K、交换性Ca和Mg、有效P、B、Mo、Cu、Fe、Zn和易还原Mn等营养元素的含量及其相关关系,结果表明:马尾松林土壤pH值显著高于其它两森林土壤;随着群落的进展演替,养分在土壤中的累积(Ca除外)呈不断增加的趋势,即马尾松林<针阔叶混交林<季风常绿阔叶林;不同指标的累积呈现出持续增加(有机质、交换性Mg、有效B、Mo、Cu、Fe和易还原Mn)、持续递减(交换性Ca)、先增加再减少(有效P)和先减少再增加(pH值、总N和有效Zn)的4种变化形式;土壤养分元素的相关对对数以马尾松林最多。植物对土壤性质的影响累积效应显著,森林群落的进展演替过程是土壤养分不断积累的过程,土壤有效养分元素来源也趋多元化。

Abstract:以陕西杨凌杜寨村为中心，沿南、西、北3条辐射线分别采取耕层和剖面土样，探讨土壤中Cl^-的累积与垂直分布情况，揭示受人类生活影响历史较长的杜寨村农田土壤中Cl^-的累积状况与迁移规律。结果表明，在半干旱偏湿润气候地区，由于受自然环境因素和人为因素的强烈影响，Cl^-在村庄附近的土壤耕层呈现出累积趋势，随着离村庄距离的增加而明显减少；土壤剖面上Cl^-的含量随着土壤深度的增加也逐渐减少；Cl^-在土壤耕层虽然表现出一定的累积趋势，但累积量并不高，暂时不会影响作物的产量和品质。

Abstract:利用向海湿地河道上、下游土壤样品进行了吸附铅、镉的热力学实验,结果表明土壤样品吸附铅、镉的过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附曲线(n=8,p=0.01),吸附铅的能力约是吸附镉能力的一个数量级,下游断面土壤样品吸附铅、镉的能力明显大于上游断面,且土壤样品吸附铅、镉的最大吸附量与土壤中的细粒土壤、有机质和铁、锰氧化物含量存在显著的相关性,即土壤样品的理化性质是影响土壤吸附铅、镉能力的主要因素;同时,根据向海湿地河道上、下游土壤样品理化性质的差异,可以推测向海湿地净化污染物功能在逐渐减弱。

Abstract:雷竹(Phyllostachyspraecox)是最近十几年发展起来的优良笋用竹种,近年来以重施肥和冬季地表覆盖增温为核心的高效栽培技术在生产上得到了大面积推广。为了解高效栽培雷竹林土壤重金属含量现状,采集了浙江省雷竹主产区40个样点土壤样品,利用ICP法分析了土壤重金属含量。结果表明,雷竹林土壤重金属镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)和锌(Zn)全量含量分别为0.23±0.11,68.23±25.61,23.26±6.61,12.47±2.86,108.50±54.92mg/kg,所有样点5种重金属全量均未出现超标现象。Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn有效态含量分别为0.028±0.025,0.150±0.102,3.482±1.304,1.636±1.022,10.814±9.767mg/kg,5种重金属有效态含量变异均明显大于全量。重金属Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn有效态含量占全量百分比较高。从不同栽培历史雷竹土壤重金属含量变化来看,Cu、Pb、Zn3种元素随着栽培历史延长,土壤中全量含量显著上升,其中Cu上升量最大,栽培历史从2～3年延长到8～10年,Cu含量增加了1.39倍。重金属Cd、Cu、Zn全量与有效态含量间具有显著或极显著相关性。

Abstract:Distribution of heavy metal of Hg,As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Zn,Ni and Pb in cultivated soil in TGRA has been studied in the present investigation.Statistical results showed that the cultivated soil in Chongqing area was polluted by heavy metals. Contrast with the standards of soil environment quality and background, Cd has far most excess in the several heavy metals. As a whole, the content of heavy metals in dry farm land was higher than that in paddy soil, such as purple and yellow soil. There was a significantly positive correlation among Cd,Pb,Cu,As,Zn. The soil quality of some submerged counties is appraised by comprehensive pollution index. Only the one county reached middle pollution level and the others subtle polluted or not. The risks of heavy metals submerge and the condition of non-point source pollution in TGRA was analyzed.

Abstract:Because of the advantages of low cost, low energy consumption, high treatment efficiency, simplicity of operation and maintenance etc.,wetland ecosystem is globally used in wastewater treatment (especially in rural areas and small cities). On the basis of existing results of removal mechanism of heavy metal in wetland ecosystem, A few key issues in the use of wetland ecosystem in wastewater treatment and the potential trend of the study have been comprehensively discussed and reviewed, which is of great significance to the future studies.

Abstract:As for the ecological fragility in Shanxi province, the paper analyses the objective conditions of its formation and presents both the dominant and basic influential factors. With the process of the index of basic influential factors in the counties and cities in Shanxi province, their values of comprehensive index are achieved and five types of ecological fragile regions are classified. To further the research of types of ecological fragile regions reasonable suggestions are provided.

Abstract:不同的亚流域划分对流域径流和泥沙负荷模拟的影响源于地形、土壤、土地利用以及气候特征输入的空间分布不均匀性。假设当亚流域划分充分考虑流域输入数据空间分布不均匀性时，流域模拟的输出结果趋于稳定，并应用分布式水文模型——SWAT作为研究工具，在GIS技术支持下，选择两个面积不同的流域采用不同的亚流域划分数量进行流域径流和泥沙负荷模拟。模拟结果表明，当亚流域划分数量达到一定水平时，增加亚流域划分对模型输出结果的影响较小，这在一定程度上证实了上述假设。在此基础上，以简化模型输入数据和输出结果分析处理工作且保证模拟精度为原则，对分布式水文模型亚流域划分的合理划分水平进行了探讨。

Abstract:Mingle,a village of Chagan town in Daan city where all the arable lands are saline soil,and the salinization degree is the most in western Songnen plain,was selected as the experiment site. By researching the evapo-transpiration process of alkali-spot land, the soil water penetrating process, salts movement and water-salts balance laws, the mechanism of saline desertification was then discussed and discovered. The result is that the evapo-transpiration of alkali-spot land primarily is the soil evaporation without plants cover, and salts concentration in surface soil with water evaporation. The soil water infiltration in alkali-spot land is very low, so moved-down salts are much less than those moved up. The salts concentration in surface soil lets the grass landscape degradation, and increases the area of alkali-spot lands, which all exacerbating the saline desertification of this district.

Abstract:The Loess Plateau region is chosen to be researched in this paper. The method and procedure of the application of "3S" in the research of the waterpower desertification is discussed in this paper, and an analysis method of cartography based on MapGIS is attempted. The design of map on current status of the Loess Plateau region is finished, and a graphic database and corresponding character database are set up. This work will help the researching and renovating of the "three north" area in China, especially it will actively work on the environment constructing in Northwest China.

Abstract:The sandy desertification is serious in Ulanbuhe desert. Based on the observed data about the sand movement by wind in the fixed dune, the semi-fixeddune and the moving dune, the determinant models of the sand-transporting ratio were constructed respectively for the three types of dunes by the multivariate statistical analysis method. The relationship between the sand-transporting ratio and wind velocity or height were quantitatively analyzed; and the structure of aeolian sand was also examined. Research results from our analysis will provide constructive suggestions for the sandy desertification control in China.

Abstract:由风蚀所导致的土壤物质再分配过程,决定了土地沙漠化的程度。根据半干旱干草原地区不同程度沙漠化土地土壤风蚀率的137Cs示踪结果,沙漠化各个阶段的土壤风蚀率指标为:潜在沙漠化土地以微弱堆积和微度风蚀为特征,风蚀率小于2000kg/(hm2·a);轻度沙漠化土地风蚀率介于2000～7000kg/(hm2·a)之间;中度沙漠化土地风蚀率大于7000kg/(hm2·a);重度沙漠化土地风蚀和堆积都很强烈,地表物质交换迅速,没有必要制定风蚀指标。

Abstract:Based on the soil erosion maps in 1958, 1975, 1982 and 1996, GIS software was used to produce soil erosion grid maps. More than 10 landscape index were calculated using the landscape structure analysis program FRAGSTATS. Quantitative analysis of soil erosion pattern and its dynamic evolution were conducted at class level and landscape level. The results indicated that the soil erosion status in Xingguo county was improved greatly from 1958 to 1996. There are two pronounced periods, including exacerbation period from 1958 to 1975, and alleviation period after 1975. The area of inapparent soil erosion reached 74.6% by the end of 1996. The status of serious soil erosion had radically been controlled up to that time.

Abstract:Based on the latest data of remote sensing on sandy desertification land in the middle and lower reaches of Heihe River Basin, we analyzed the area, types, distribution, and degree and discussed the main factors of sandy desertification land in the study area. In the end, we put forward some measures to combat sandy desertification land in the Heihe River Basin. The area of sandy desertification land in the basin was 13 508.4 km~2, which mainly distributed in the Ejin Oasis located in the lower reaches of Heihe River Basin. There were 4 types of sandy desertification land in the study area with the major type being the sandy gravel land; the serious, higher, middle and lower degree of sandy desertification land accounted for 73.2%, 16.8%, 9.8% and 0.2%, respectively. The origination and development of sandy desertification in the middle and lower reaches of Heihe River Basin were resulted from the comprehensive effects and processes of natural and human, especially the misuse of water resources, which the human factors played an important role in the development of sandy desertification.

Abstract:Firstly, the author discussed the general application patterns of GIS (Geography Information System) in hydrology and water resources. Using relaxed combination mode of GIS and hydrological models, the GIS platform of water cycle of the Yellow River basin was established with MS-Visual Basic visualized developing language based on ESRI-MapObject GIS component. All kinds of data related to water cycle of the Yellow River basin were saved in the platform with uniform coordinate and uniform format, which supplies data support for the study of water cycle elements and process of the Yellow River basin.

Abstract:Through test, characteristic and influential factors of film hole bilateral interference infiltration are analyzed. The main influential factors such as size of film hole, soil texture, soil bulk density and initial soil moisture content were researched. The relationships between each influential factor and infiltration volume were put forward respectively. The mechanisms of film hole interference infiltration were analyzed. The research results may offer reference for further research of film hole interference infiltration law and film hole irrigation.

Abstract:在山西浮山人工模拟建立不同土壤库容系统，对不同库容蓄水供水效应及水分生产效率进行了研究，明确了黄土高原旱地小麦的最佳库容深度(ds)为1．5～2．0m，为黄土高原旱地小麦建立适宜的土壤库容提供了理论依据。1．5～2．0m深的土壤库容改善了小麦全生育期土壤水分状况，特别在小麦需水关键期(拔节期)能最大限度地供给小麦水分，从而有效地增加小麦成穗数及穗粒数。该系统可增产小麦2137．5～2617．5kg／hm^2，增产率高达63．3％～78．7％。

Abstract:通过灌溉施肥实验和N素淋失通量法,研究黄土塬区和黄土台面阶地区超根层黄土中NH4-N和NO3-N的分布和运移规律,结果表明,在根层土壤贫N时,3m以下尿素N淋失率为13.2%～41.3%,在根层土壤富N时,淋失率为56.6%～83.5%,即黄土灌区在灌水定额较大时,仍然会产生强烈的N淋溶损失,因此,在黄土灌区科学施肥和节水灌溉对提高肥效和保护地区水质至关重要。

Abstract:RY-1 is the macromolecule polymer, its sandy fixation, penetrability, infiltration, erosion endurance,water preservation and plants growth ability were test. Results indicated that its water preservation and plants growth ability are superior to soil-sement, it is especial fits for chemical sandy fixation and plants sandy fixation.

Abstract:Six plots with different slope, soil and vegetable measures are made to study characteristics of rill develop on stimulant slope and effects of protecting slope using vegetable measures under heavy rain and flow scouring. The results shown rill develop obviously and present complex shape in loess and gravel slope planted with shrub. However,a small quantity of rill is produced in sandstone slope planted with lawn of much cover during the final term of rainfall. The function of protecting slope using vegetable measures is closely related with soil structure and soil bulk density. So,vegetation measures are needed to be put forward according to different slope.

Abstract:1998～2002年，通过种植百喜草(Paspalun notatum)治理江西省龙南县稀土尾砂，经水土保持试验研究表明：尾砂裸露区(简称对照区)和百喜草种植区(简称植草区)年均径流量分别是302m^3／hm^3和1326．6m^3／hm^3；径流系数分别是35．5％和15．3％；5年合并径流量(Y)与降雨量(x)的直线回归方程分别是：y=4．2562x-47．71和Y=1．3205x-37．31；年均泥沙侵蚀量分别是1073．12t／hm^2和91．02t／hm^2；泥沙侵蚀量(Q1)与径流量(Q)的函数方程分别是：Q1=1．5182Q^0.6971和Q1=Qe^-4.6978C(C为百喜草覆盖度)。研究结果还表明：种植百喜草，可快速、有效地降低稀土尾砂水土流失。

Abstract:Preventing soil losses and improving productivity of slope cropland are the main targets of agricultural technique of plant hedge-rows, which is an effective way to utilize the slopeland and plays an important role in the sustainable development of eco-environment, resource and economy in the hill area. It was shown in the two years experiments that such technique has the ability to effectively control erosion, to improve soil fertility and to increase the soil effective-water content and to promote the land productivity. The technique can be widely extended in the hill area.

Abstract:Through investigating the current vegetation types in Huangqian reservoir area and analyzing the role of main forest types to conserving water resource and soil, the paper makes comprehensive assessment on these vegetation types from aspects of ecological effect and economic effect. The results show that during the vegetation building in Huangqian reservoir area, considering ecological effect and economic effect together in remote mountain and high slope and upper mountain area there should mainly be water resource conservation forest such as locust forest; in the midst area of slope and remote mountain with better stands there should be mainly nut forest such as diospyros kaki forest and Chinese chestnut forest and jujube forest; in the midst and lower part of nearby mountains with better soil condition, there is great potentiality to develop economic forest such as cherry forest and forest apricot forest.

Abstract:根据陕西省植被图,在MapInfo4.0上建立秦巴山区植被类型数据库,从林冠层、枯枝落叶层、土壤层3个层次分析了秦巴山区植被水源涵养的物质量,并利用影子工程法、成本估算法等方法对其生态功能进行了货币化评定。结果表明林冠层的截留量为109891.62万t,枯枝落叶层的截留量为31960.44万t,土壤层的截留量为196309.35万t,3个层次总截留量为338161.42万t,水源涵养总价值量为226.56×108元。这对于本地区水资源的合理利用以及生态环境建设有着积极的作用。

Abstract:To research the reasons why the existed measures of soil and water conservation bring the different benefit of soil and water conservation which are existing in the same valley and at the same time. We cite the data of Gushanchuan valley and introduce the existed effect,at the same time, we use the method of analysis and compare,in the end, we think the evident different effect is theresult of taking different number of measure and different keeping water and reducing sand index.To resolve the existing difference and enhance the accuracy,we will strengthen the research work of basic data and disciplinarian,especially for the research work in the small runoff watershed and the disciplinarian of soil erosion in small watershed and the benefit of soil and water conservation etc.

Abstract:利用云贵高原区龙川江上游8条典型小流域水库泥沙淤积资料和小河口水文站输沙量资料,分析建立小流域输沙模数与流域面积的关系,依此求算出龙川江上游小流域(流域面积10.8～216.8km2)泥沙输移比变化于0.42～0.80之间,小河口水文站泥沙输移比计算值为0.26。

Abstract:It's necessary to accelerate urbanization for the advance of economy and society in China, but the urban soil qualities grow worse rapidly with the advance of urbanization, so urban soil has been a focus in the research on urbanization's problems and desiderates the attention from the public, especially the urban managers and soil scientists in China. In the progress of urbanization, soil structure are often spoiled, arrangement of horizons is disturbed, chemical properties vary greatly, and soil biodiversity and fertility drop because of massive constructional engineering, vast emission of municipal wastes and heavy traffic etc. To lighten or eliminate the negative effects of urban activities on soil ecosystem, countermeasures have been put forward in the paper, such as researching quantificationally the effect of urbanization on urban soil environment along an urban rural ecological transect in sample cities, constructing the database of urban soil's basic information, classifying and mapping urban soil, strengthening the research about technologies of soil environmental remediation and treatment of municipal wastes, rational planning and constructing urban green networks. Moreover, the principal measure to realize the sustainable use of urban soil is to intensify the propaganda of the knowledge about soil for active public participation to protect urban soil, especially make the urban managers realize it necessary to use the research results of urban soil in the building activities and planning.

Abstract:The driving factors of land use is one of the hot and key component of land use and cover change research (LUCC). The Loess Plateau of China, because of its serious soil and water erosion problem, was designated as one of the three experimental sites in 1999 of the practice on returning cultivated slope land to woodland or grassland. On the basis of statistics, the impact of arable land use change was discussed in this paper. The case study was chosen in Ansai County, which is one of typical hilly areas of Loess Plateau. Both the quality and quantity changes of the arable land were analysis by the help of SPSS statistical software. The result indicated that the change of arable land quantity was influenced mainly by the population change and the change of arable land quality was impacted more deep by the yearly precipitation. The driving forces of arable land use change should be paid attention in order to ensure the success of practice on returning cultivated slope land to woodland or grassland. The ecological benefit and economic rule should be pay attention to at the same time.

Abstract:In the class assessment of the crop land research under the support of GIS technology, we selected some assessment factor and adopted the index accumulation method and the layer analysis method in order to assess the class of crop land of this research area. This improved the precision and efficiency, lessoned the subjectivity.

Abstract:在遥感和GIS技术支持下，详细研究了岷江上游的土地利用／土地覆被状况及其1986～2000年的时空动态变化及其驱动力影响。作者认为，必须在提高全民的环护意识以及相应政策、法规的制定和执行的前提下，加大产业结构调整，依靠科技创新，寻找新的经济增长点，切实增加农民收入，建立区域外补偿机制，保护该地区有限的珍贵林业资源，恢复其长江上游的生态屏障作用，实现国土资源的可持续利用。

Abstract:根据土地利用现状数据库建设标准和目标，利用GIS技术，以川南山区长宁县为例，建立了区域土地利用信息系统，该系统采用地星GIS为平台，对空间数据和属性数据进行一体化管理，并运用计算机数据库语言Visu-al Foxpro进行二次开发，建立相关应用模型数据库，通过空间数据库、属性数据库和相关应用模型数据库的集成，能有效地组织不同时空的各类型相关数据，较好地实现土地利用的变更。在此基础上对不同时空的数据进行处理和分析，能反映长宁县的土地利用状况及动态变化过程。

Abstract:Though measure the different harvest and soil depth to different alfalfa varieties,the result shows that Xixiang has obviously less soil water content than local variety Huining in different harvest and different depth. Most of them have a "V"change which is high-low-high.But soil depth in 60~80 cm and 80~100 cm,the change of soil water content is different. The soil water content of Xixiang isobviously affected by big and powerful root,big yield and rainfall.Xixiang can absorb water in more depth ,and it has big potentiality to increasing production and sharp ability of resistance drought.

Abstract:Soil moisture data from May to October during 1983 to 1990 at Naiman on Horqin sandy land are applied to study in temporal and spatial variant characteristic ofsoil moisture and effect of precipitation in the different type vegetation. The results showed that the influence of vegetation is significant, soil moisture of shifting sand dune is best, its average value is 3.56% and variation coefficient is 0.074. Second is soil moisture of arbor area which grew in the lower part of sandy dune, its average value is from 2.73% to 3.08%, but soil moisture have not stability, variation coefficient is 0.127 and 0.347, respectively. Soil moisture of semi-bush and bush areas which grew on top of sandy dune are worst, its average values are less that 2.5%, variation coefficient are (0.179) and 0.262, respectively. Soil moisture has also been controled by precipitation,sandy land would appear dried soil layer when vegetation and dry climate influence in the same time, but not in the normal or wet years in the desert region of semi-arid.

Abstract:The concept of macro-pore flow and relevant research in the macro-pore flow was generally described, and the type and classification method of the macro-pore was analyzed. The function of the macro-pore in the soil water movement and the relevant theory were discussed. And the developing feature of the macro-pore and the type were analyzed in loess area. Moreover, the necessity of the research in the macro-pore flow in loess area is illustrated.

Abstract:未经治理的矿业废弃地是造成环境污染、水土流失和土地荒漠化的重大隐患，所带来的后果对经济发展和人类生存构成严重威胁。矿业废弃地植被自然恢复是极其缓慢的，科学合理的人工植被建植大大地加速了这一过程，特别是人工生态体系模式的建立，可在矿业废弃地植被恢复与重建过程中带来生态效益的同时，亦产生巨大的经济效益。

Abstract:According to analyzing the issues of agriculture ecosystem in Lhodak county, the paper assesses the functional situation of the county basing on natural, social and economical facts. Taking principle of ecological economics as fundamental, following the natural and social characters of Lhodak, the author advance some measures to improve the production of agriculture. These measures include industry, engineering, management and so on. At last, the author makes a systemic study about these measures and forecast their function. Based on these work, the author explore avenues to optimize the agriculture ecosystem.

Abstract:通过对人为给水和自然水分条件下的1.5m×6m和1.5m×3m密度的刺槐(Robiniapseudoacacia)林的林地蒸发和林木蒸腾定位观测,并结合气象观测资料和水面蒸发观测结果,应用Penman-Monteith方程对该林分日、月蒸腾量和需水量及其季节变化进行了估算。结果表明,在5～10月,自然水分条件下的1.5m×6m和1.5m×3m密度刺槐林地的土壤蒸发量分别为123.1mm和134.24mm,林木蒸腾量分别为76.62mm和62.33mm,林分耗水量分别为199.77mm和196.54mm。人为给水控制土壤水分条件使土壤水分条件接近于林木正常生长所适宜的低限土壤含水量阈值,两密度林分的林地蒸发量为320.92mm和254.98mm,林木蒸腾量为109.52mm和91.32mm,林木需水量为430.44mm和346.3mm。