Abstract:中国黄土高原是世界上水土流失最严重的地区之一 ,土壤侵蚀量是正确评价综合治理的一个重要指标。本文对黄土区小流域土壤侵蚀系统进行计算机模拟 ,它是在与地理信息系统支持平台松散耦合的基础上 ,利用DEM提供地形特征的功能 ,运用水文模型进行流域径流水文分析 ,并在此基础之上 ,结合通用水土流失方程式的侵蚀泥沙模型及其沿程传递模型 ,建立了分布型小流域土壤侵蚀模拟模型 ,用它可以计算不同时间和空间的土壤侵蚀量。最后将研究成果应用于试验流域——宁夏西吉县黄家二岔小流域 ,经过验证 ,具有一定的可靠性 ,可以用于黄土区流域的土壤侵蚀量的模拟运算 ,这将进一步提高小流域综合治理的水平。

Abstract:The characteristics of acid leaching of brown soil and cinnamon soil were studied using an indoor soil column leaching method with simulated acid rain. The results show that acid rain with low pH can badly acidify brown soil, and activated Al can be detected in the leacheate, but comparatively the effects to cinnamon soil on pH are not obvious. Significant correlation between the total amount of four kinds of base ions in the leacheate and concentration of H of acid rain is evident. The amount of cation loss can be shown in the order of: Ca 2 >Mg 2 >Na >K . Among these, Na is the least sensitive to acid rain. The changes in EC have the same pattern as that of leaching loss of base ions. But the changes in EC among different treatments are larger than those of leaching loss of base ions. The order of four kinds of acid rain damaging to the soils is: pH2> pH3> pH4, pH5. The resulting degree of damage to brown soil was higher than that to cinnamon soil.

Abstract:By laboratory leaching experiments with the red soil from Zhejiang province, the effects of acid rain on aggregate and its cemedins of the red soil were studied. The results show that acid rain reduces the stability of red soil aggregate, increase its rate of structure destruction, decreases organic matter contain, and enhances activity of ferric oxide. These effects become more serious as falling of pH value and lasting of leaching time. The stability and structure of soil aggregate getting bad, which can accelerate soil erosion, shows that acid rain has soil erodibility.

Abstract:研究结果表明 :13年生刺槐林的总生物量为 2 4 16 5 .4 8kg/hm2 ;刺槐林 5种养分元素贮存量为 4 39.76 8kg/hm2 ,各器官中不同养分元素的含量差异较大 ,不同器官中 5种养分元素贮存量大小排序结果是树干 >叶 >枝 >根。若以各养分元素的贮存量来计 ,N的贮存量为 16 4 .92 2 kg/hm2 ,P的贮存量为 9.371kg/hm2 ,K的贮存量为 31.814 kg/hm2 ,Ca的贮存量为 2 2 5 .35 3kg/hm2 ,Mg的贮存量为 17.5 76 kg/hm2 ;刺槐林生态系统乔木层每年从土壤中吸收的 5种养分元素量为 15 7.310 kg/hm2 ,吸收量占土层 5种养分元素总量的 0 .2 2 % ,占土层有效养分含量的 2 .18% ,吸收量中存留量为 2 3.84 2 kg/hm2 ,归还量为 133.4 6 8kg/hm2 ,加上雨水输入到森林生态系统的养分元素量 ,则刺槐林生态系统的养分元素归还量略大于吸收量。

Abstract:A field study of soil nutrient loss was conducted in red soil on sloping surface by using rainfall simulator. The results showed that soil nutrients were transported mainly with sediment in runoff in high rainfall intensities. In low rainfall intensities, nutrients lost in soluble form had high percentage with runoff water. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium lost in soluble form account for 53.21%, 23.1%, 21.5% of the total nutrient lost in sediment respectively. Nutrient enrichment occurred in both sediment and soluble form, but the enrichment ratio was different. The amount of lost nutrients were correlated positively with rainfall intensities and lost sediment.

Abstract:The amount of particulate phosphorus and dissolved phosphorus loss in runoff from yellow soil of hilly areas by de farming reafforestation in Guizhou province were studied. Results showed that the contents of particulate P and ortho P respectively reduced 22.17%~63.48% and 3.03%~44.29% in surface runoff derived from de farming reafforestation lands than in that from farming lands and that the amount of particulate P loss in runoff decreased 35.08% or 41.94% from plots de farming and reafforestation the slope than from plots cultivated the slope, while the amount of dissolved P loss also reduced 38.65% or 53.42%. Therefore, de farming and reafforestation were an effective way to reduce phosphorus loss in the upland fields due to decrease the amount of phosphorus putting in the soils or putting out form the soils.

Abstract:The universal and serious soil erosion affects deeply on soil degradation in dry and hot valley of Jinshajiang River area, Yunnan province. Based on studies on soil erosion status of different degraded soils, spatial distribution of soil degradation induced by soil erosion and occurrence of different types of soil degradation conducted by soil erosion in the area, the effect and mechanism of soil erosion on soil degradation. The results show: (1) Soil and water loss is a key factor to induce the degradation of soils, and types and intensity of soil erosion control, the spatial distribution of soil degradation; (2) The main mechanisms of soil erosion to soil degradation are: the quantity and degrees of soil degradation depends on intensity of soil erosion; by washing and denudation, moving and sediment and burying, soil erosion results in and accelerates soil degradation according to mechanism analysis of several typical soil degradation.

Abstract:通过资料分析、野外调查和定位试验等方法 ,对半干旱黄土丘陵区宁夏西吉县 15年的土地利用动态及坡耕地生产力变化进行了研究。结果显示 ,1980年西吉县的农、林、牧业用地比例为 8.2∶ 0 .4∶ 1.4 ,由于“三北防护林工程”和世界粮食计划署援助的“2 6 0 5”等项目的实施 ,1987年调整为 4 .6∶ 2 .4∶ 3.0 ,水平梯田面积占农业用地的百分比由 1980年的 1.7%增长到 17.6 % ,1994年继续增加到 38.5 % ;1980年、1987年和 1994年坡耕地的土壤流失量分别为 14 84 ,4 2 2 ,5 5万 t,土壤养分损失折合化肥的总量分别为 6 70 5 16 ,2 30 5 98,16 2 0 5 6 t,分别是当年化肥实际施用总量的 5 96 .5倍、2 7.6倍和 6 .8倍 ;1980年、1987年和 1994年由水土流失造成的坡耕地粮食减产量分别为 90 72 5 ,8870 9,90 4 6 5 t,分别为当年粮食总产量的 93.2 % ,2 8.1% ,16 .8%。

Abstract:通过采集不同生长年限的防风林下土壤、林间农田及荒漠土壤样品 ,系统分析测定了土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、全氮、全磷、全钾和土壤盐分含量 ,以及土壤 p H值、土壤孔隙度、容重及物理性粘粒。结果表明 :随着林木生长年限的增长 ,除了速效磷含量有下降的趋势外 ,全氮含量明显增加 ,全磷含量基本维持原水平 ;土壤有机质、速效氮、速效钾表现为先下降后上升的趋势 ;林带土壤的 p H值有明显减小的趋势 ,土壤表层 (0～ 2 0 cm)总盐和 K 明显减少 ,Na 含量明显增加 ,Ca2 、Mg2 含量变化不大 ,SO4 2 - 和 Cl- 则先降后升 ,HCO3- 略有上升趋势 ;下层土壤 (2 0～ 4 0 cm)可溶性盐分总量、K 和 SO4 2 -含量明显降低 ,Ca2 、Mg2 和 Cl-含量变化不明显 ,Na 则明显增加 ;土壤容重减少 ,孔隙度增加 ,物理性粘粒增加。通过土壤肥力综合指标值 (IFI)的评价计算表明 ,随着防护林生长年限的增长 ,土壤肥力呈明显增加趋势。

Abstract:采用对比分析的方法，研究了从自然土壤到森林土壤和农业土壤，最终演变为城市土壤的过程中，土壤质量的变化及其成因以及有机改土培肥措施对城市土壤质量有效性的影响。结果表明；城市土壤演变过程中土壤物理性质和养分含量发生了明显的变化。原始未受人为影响的五花草甸自然土壤的容重最小，农业老耕地土壤其次，森林土壤再次，城市土壤最大。城市绿化用地20－40cm土壤容重比别比森林土壤和农业土壤提高17.7%－43.7%和35.4%-93.9％。总孔隙度降低1.9%-13.0%和34.1%-52.4%，土壤饱和持水量分别降低16.6%-39.5%和60.0%。城市土壤的草坪用地和绿化用地，表层土壤有南比森林土壤降低82.0%-95.9%和77.1%-94.8%；比农业老耕地土壤降低86.6%和82.9%；比自然土壤降低96.1%和95.0%。0－60cm土层城市土壤全氮、速效氮降低；全磷和有效磷均比森林土壤提高70.1%－117.4%和173.5%－222.1%，比农业土壤提高44.9%－161.2%和98.4%－694.4%，磷在城市土壤中富营养化现象严重。在土壤演变过程中0－60cm土层pH值没有明显变化。城市土壤增施有机肥可降低土壤容重改善土壤通气状况，提高土壤水分以及调节和改善土壤pH值，使土壤更趋于中性，提高了土壤有机质、全N、水解N，土壤全磷和有效磷的供应水平得到改善。

Abstract:采用盆栽试验方法 ,研究了半腐熟的小麦秸秆和城市生活垃圾、地膜、高粱秆席片、纸板等覆盖材料对玉米幼苗生长以及土壤有机质和速效氮、磷、钾含量分布的影响。结果表明 :秸秆、地膜和席片覆盖显著地增加了玉米株高、地上部植株干重、根系干重和叶片数 ,促进了玉米幼苗的生长发育 ,而纸板和垃圾的作用不显著 ;与其它覆盖材料和对照相比较 ,秸秆和垃圾覆盖材料明显地提高了上 (0～ 7cm)、中 (7～ 14 cm)、下 (14～ 2 1cm) 3层土壤中的有机质和速效氮、速效钾的含量 ,而速效磷的增加上层土壤 (0～ 7cm )大于中层土壤 (7～ 14 cm ) ,下层土壤(14～ 2 1cm)没有增加。

Abstract:通过 5年实验研究 ,观测了杨树、沙棘、柏树、刺槐、元宝枫纯林和沙棘与杨树、沙棘与柏树、刺槐与柠条的混交林在风化岩沫土土壤、红胶泥土壤、黄绵土土壤上的成活率、年枝条生长量、5 a林冠面积、5 a郁闭度 ,分析得出了黄土丘陵区不同土壤类型造林树种选择和配置的模式。结果表明 :黄土丘陵区造林常见树种及其混交形式在不同土壤类型上呈现不同结果 ,风化岩沫土适合柏树纯林和沙棘与杨树混交、沙棘与柏树混交 ,红胶泥土壤最佳树种为沙棘、刺槐纯林及沙棘与杨树混交 (阴坡 )、沙棘与柏树混交、刺槐与柠条混交 ,而刺槐、柠条纯林和沙棘与杨树混交、沙棘与柏树混交、刺槐与柠条混交适合于黄绵土土壤。此外 ,在各种土壤类型上混交林都优于纯林 ,建议黄土丘陵区造林应乔灌混交为主。该项研究技术在延安市山川秀美工程中推广 ,效果明显 ,建议在黄土丘陵区推广该技术。

Abstract:This paper studied the quantities and fauna component of soil microorganism in shelter forest under different conditions of site, shelter forest with different ages, shelter forest in different seasons, and shelter forest composed by different kinds of plants. The results indicated that with Taklimakan desert highway shelter forest and artificial greenbelt set up under condition of irrigating by saline water, wind erosion decreases, and shifting sand was fixed, so soil structure and nutrient status was improved, and the quantities of soil microorganisms increased sharply. Among soil microorganisms,bacteria were predominant,actinomyces the next and fungi the least. There were more microorganisms in the upper soil than ones in down soil. Outside shelter forest, soil microorganisms near shelter forest have higher activity, and the quantity of soil microorganisms over 3 m from shelter forest were almost equal to ones of shifting sand.The quantities of soil microorganisms vary with seasons, and there are distinct difference among quantities of soil microorganisms of forests under different condition of site.The quantities of microorganisms and soil nutrient increase greatly with time elapse, and the change will be much more obvious.

Abstract:荒漠绿州景观格局是不同类型、不同大小、不同形状和不同开发程度的地块（生态系统）在空间上构成的镶嵌体。景观镶嵌结构的差异反映出不同的功能，通过计算一些景观指数，对荒绿洲景观格局作出定量分析。人类活动强烈的景观要素或纯粹的人工景观中，表征复杂的景观指数往往高于人类活动较轻的景观要素，而表征稳定性的指数正好相反；处在干旱内陆荒漠中的绿洲景观，其抵抗外来干扰的能力低，恢复力弱，人类不合理的活动极易破坏其稳定状态，从而导致荒漠化发生。

Abstract:Depended on remote sensing images of 1986 and 2000 and data from project of "Tackling key problem of Chinese 95 science and technology", utilizing GIS software contained ARC/INFO and ARCVIEW, after interpretation,disposition,storage,transition of pattern and query, the study achieve three periods data on the area. Afterwards, by aid of EXCEL software, the study makes use of the data to analyse the landscape pattern and differentiation. At last, by application of Markov process, the study predicts the future landscape pattern in Longdong area. The research proves that the investigation using method of landscape pattern is a available way to study distribution and evolvement of land use.

Abstract:With the exploitation of the natural resources in Lancang River basin, multi rundle hydropower stations have been programmed to establish in this mountain canyon area. It is urgent to pay a special attention on the condition of the land cover, especially for vegetation plant cover in this mountain area. The state will close be related with the sustainable development of the local social, economic, and environment in this mountain area. In this study, we selected Manwan hydropower stations as typical research case, which is the first one of developed multi rundle hydropower stations in Lancang River basin. This power station has been completed in 1996. The mountain vegetation cover condition around the hydropower station has monitored by use of remote sensing technique. We map and analyse the construction of the mountain vegetation covers around Manwan hydropower stations. The result show that the mountain vegetation covers in this area is normal and better than the before the power is established. The application of monitoring by remote sensing technique used in this study solved the survey difficult of the environment factors in this mountain area. It also offsets the lack of factors on environment security. It provides a typical case study for other hydropower stations in another area in Yunnan province.

Abstract:Based on principle of grading, classifying and pricing agricultural land and composite type geography information system (COMGIS) and computer technology, the prototype of general information system of grading, classifying and pricing cropland (ALEIS) is developed. ALEIS is suitable for Chinese conditions for evaluating cropland. This system has 9 big modules including file, view, picture layer, object, layout and database, grading, classifying, pricing, windows and help etc. It has powerful functions in managing attributive data sets and spatial data sets, grading, classify and pricing cropland and outputting achievements etc. The interface of ALEIS is friendly, and the operation of the system is simple and convenient. It can realize automation in grading, classifying and pricing agricultural land, and offer the friendly and convenient computer business management tool for land and government administrative department of different levels.

Abstract:A detail review on the soil and water conservation expert systems is presented. The problems in the research are also discussed. Based on the analysis of the relations of ES and GIS ,DSS and other techniques, the direction of future development of soil and water conservation expert systems have been proposed, which taking ES as the core and supported by the technique system constituted by GIS,DSS, Database and so on.

Abstract:The hydrodynamic characters of runoff in the process of rill erosion were studied by using runoff scouring experiment under the different slope gradients and the different flow discharges. The results show that the reynolds number of the flow varies between 362 and 4 282 in the erosion process, based on the various of reynolds number the erosion process can be divided the sheet erosion stage and the rill erosion stage. The Froude number of runoff flow larger than 1 under the all experiments and it is belongs to the turbulent condition. Roughness coefficients in rills that are easily affected by the slope gradient, are closely related to reynolds number. That is, the roughness coefficient decreased with the increase of reynolds on steep slope. Flow velocity showed a little increase after a decrease with experiment time length of scouring and the variation of soil bed irregular in profile and cross section.

Abstract:分析结果表明 :下垫面不同 ,次降雨量与土壤侵蚀量的关系也不同。 1顺坡抛荒区的土壤侵蚀量与降雨量为线性关系模型 ;2采取了一定工程和植物措施后低坡度区土壤侵蚀量与降雨量没有显著关系 ;3采取了工程和植物措施后 14°～ 2 2°各小区的土壤侵蚀量随降雨量的变化遵守 y =axb,且 a >0 ,b >1或 y =aebx,且 a >0 ,b >0的函数规律。这两种函数特征都是一曲率凹向上的图象 ,它表明随着降雨量的增大 ,单位降雨量所引起的土壤侵蚀量在逐步增大。4当坡度达到 2 6°时 ,各工程和植物措施区的土壤侵蚀量随降雨量的变化遵守 y =axb,且 a>0 ,0

Abstract:Based on the experiment data of water and soil loss in different land farming and different slope in the Jingyan county of Sichuan province, it is used for neural network method, it is build neural network model of sediment yield on slope for different land farming, and obtained the mechanism of water and soil loss of slopes. It gives us more knowledge for quantitative analysis of water and soil conservation benefit.

Abstract:Due to the defect of genetic algorithm, this paper applies extended genetic algorithm to establish the model of water requirement prediction of Yellow River basin combined with radial basis function neural network that is more superior to BP neural network.And then the model is used to predict the water requirement after it is optimized.Results of prediction indicate that the model can improve predicting ability and the accuracy efficiently.

Abstract:Taking the Nihegou small watershed in Chunhua county as an study object, through testing the soil samples in different times and data statistics from the small runoff region, it was known that there was a clear space distribution law of the soil nutrients variation in the region. Mostly because of water and soil loss the soil fertility became declining from watershed to the edge of gully, and the area was enlarging from gully valley to riverbed. Therefore it is the effective way to protection and recovery soil fertility through comprehensive controlling soil erosion and mulching with film and interplanting in the sloping farmland.

Abstract:露天矿排土场的严重水土流失 ,导致周边土壤盐渍化和草场退化 ,是草原露天矿区环境治理的关键和重点。因随机排土 ,大部分排土场的表层土壤为深层绿色泥岩土 ,不适于植物生长 ,治理难度很大。风蚀作用是限制排土场植被恢复的主要因素 ,而一定密度的人工灌丛可以减轻排土场平台的风蚀强度 ,形成地表凋落物覆盖层 ,改良土壤 ,加速植被的恢复。沙棘是草原露天矿排土场理想的复垦植物 ,可以在短时期内形成郁闭的人工沙棘灌丛 ,土壤培肥和水土保持效果显著 ,并明显减缓坡下草场盐渍化程度。因此 ,以沙棘为主的人工灌丛 ,应该成为草原露天矿排土场环境整治的主要模式。

Abstract:For there are many various and having different effect questions in the plant defence system with soil and water conservation on highway side slope in our country, we can cite the Luojie highway,to introduce the project for defending soil and water loss on highway side slope with plants,we carry out the analysis about the benefit in the base of adopting false stimulance about the rainstorm and runoff that have the 1% frequence. We think the project can be used for reference by other comrades of Henan and the vicinal regions when they design the defence system with plants on the highway side slope. To ensure the high quality,we deem the defence system with plants should be vigorously advorcated,and then the system of inviting public bidding and supervise should be spreaded.

Abstract:Changes of vegetation condition and soil fertility were studied continuously from 1998 to 2000 on the mixture grassland of perennial grasses established in Jingqianghe region(3 000 m a.s.l), one of the regions of estern Tibetan Plateau. The results show that the vegetation coverage can be increased, the soil erosion can be lessened and the soil fertility can be improved by establishing mixture grassland of the perennial grasses in this region. The results also indicate that the economic benefit of the mixture grassland is significant, the input/output ratio, output/labor ratio and the net income from per unit area of the mixture grassland are higher than the oat land, grazing grassland and fenced grassland. In conclusion, properly establishing and developing the mixture grassland of perennial grasses is a key option to keep high productivity and sustainable development of the grassland ecosystem in alpine regions of Tibetan Plateau.

Abstract:随着城市化的发展 ,城市地表水严重污染 ,地下水超量开采 ,开发利用雨水资源已成为西安市解决水资源问题的最佳途径。雨水是宝贵资源 ,可通过多种方式实现雨水资源化 ,充分利用雨水资源以补给城市水源 ,涵养地下水 ,调节城市生态环境 ,防治雨洪灾害。对西安市区域内雨水下渗和贮存、实现雨水资源化及其利用等方面做了探索 ,并根据实际情况对西安市雨水资源化的必要性、可能性及可持续性进行了分析。

Abstract:Soil water availability is one of the key factors on the productivity of lithosols. The study results showed that the soil water availability has a closely relationship with the ratio of soil(fine earth <2 mm) and gravel (grain more than 2 mm). The abilities of soil vaporization, water retention, water conductivity and water supply are associated with the ratio of soil and gravel. Among the studied three types of soils with different ratio of soil and gravel, the soil with the lowest ratio of soil and gravel had highest water retention ability, while the soil with higher ratio of soil and gravel had lowest one. There was a positive relationship between soil water diffusivity and gravel capacity, but a negative relationship between soil vaporization and gravel capacity. A mezzo soil gravel ratio has a benefit on increasing water infiltration, soil water supply, and reducing soil water vaporization.

Abstract:根据甘肃秦王川地区的土壤质地分布特征 ,在现场 5个点进行了积水入渗试验 ,同时采用γ透射法及张力计测定了各点的土壤水分特征曲线及非饱和导水率。在分析研究了各水分运动参数与表征土壤物理属性的(Kd/γd)和 (Kp/γd)有极显蓍相关性的基础上 ,提出了适用于该地区各类土壤质地的水分运动参数表达式。

Abstract:Eco environment is more fragile in arid and semiarid region. Especially in the condition of human irrational development, eco environment suffers serious threat. In order to save eco environment in arid and semiarid region in western China, our government made demand of "forest restoration from cropland". Scientificmanagement and protection of vegetation eco environment is very important to protecting eco environment against disruption and promoting the coordinated growth of soc economy system and eco environment system and building a harmonious relationship between human behavior and natural world, especially in the arid and semiarid region, western China.In view of arid and semiarid region, how to count and define actual water quantity used for vegetation ecological system and ecological use for water resources for some goal? It is very important in river basin program, eco environment construction and protection, water resources rational disposition. First, this paper introduces the concept of ecological use for water resources from the general meaning of ecological system, and then introduces its calculation method. This paper specially introduces the method of calculation of ecological use for water resources in case of "forest restoration from cropland" and "vegetation ecology improve and resume".

Abstract:长江上游亚高山峨眉冷杉林地被物层平均降雨截留为 2 .4～ 2 .9mm,对林下降雨的平均截留率在 2 0 %～30 %之间。地被物层各组分对降雨的截留作用大小排序为枯枝落叶层 >苔藓层 >腐殖质层。初始含水量、降雨量和降雨强度是影响地被物层水分传输的主导因子。地被物层截留与雨强、初始含水量均呈负相关 ,与降雨量在一定范围内呈正相关 ,但当地被物吸水达到其截留极值点后 ,完全成为一层水流通道 ,只起阻延水流速度的作用。文中最后提出如何解决地被物截留作用的可比性问题将是森林水文的一个难点。

Abstract:Degradation of ecosystem of the loess plateau resulted from excessive water and soil losses. Restoration for severe degradation of natural ecosystem was an important approach for sustainable development in the region. In the face of pressures resulting from human population growth and increasing ecosystem degradation, sustainable development faces urgent challenge, attempting to solve major environmental problems will require a clear understanding of the ecological processes involved at the appropriate scale. The restoration ecology theory and approach was introduced, based on status of natural, economic and social in the loess plateau, and presented general approach, goal, strategy and technique of restoration, the sound approach to ecological restoration of damaged ecosystem was comprehensive strategy and using natural recovery process. An initial emphasis on repairing water and nutrient cycles, which will initiate, direct and drive the process of continuing autogenic recovery, otherwise, the restoration will be more risk and expensive. The goal of restoration should be realistic and developed. The removal of vegetation is the main cause of soil degradation. The setting of the desired goal for vegetation restoration must be based on the order of nature, history context and wishes of inhabitant. Some issues for ecological project are discussed.

Abstract:生物圈保护区通常从内向外划分为核心区、缓冲区和过渡区 (或者外向空间扩张过渡区 ) ;核心区与缓冲区必须明确划定边界 ;过渡区不必划定外围边界 ,被赋予外向空间扩张性。博格达生物圈保护区从内向外划分为过渡区、缓冲区和核心区 ,定义为逆序组织模式。缓冲区边界为内部过渡区设置了空间边界 ,使常规组织模式外围过渡区的外向空间连续扩张性失去意义 ,内部过渡区的空间发展只能采取向内的内部加密方式和向外的跨越空间方式。研究表明 ,内部过渡区跨越外围缓冲区限制的新途径是建立岛国经济外向发展模式 ;经营过渡区要遵循生态 -生产优化原则。阐述的博格达生物圈保护区空间发展战略 ,对天山北麓其他绿洲发展同样有参考价值。

Abstract:The erosion characteristics of soil with high content sands were studied by means of the measures of farmland test and runoff plot respectively. The results were as follows: The quantity of soil erosion from the surface of farmland was much less silting quantity in the ditches, the later was 47.3~56.6 times larger than the former. The quantity of soil erosion from runoff plot can not reflect the erosion characteristics of high content sand areas. There were close relationship of precipitation, runoff, plant coverage and soil silting quantity.

Abstract:Supported by remote sensing and GIS, this paper calculates the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry and water and wind erosion interleaving in term of expert knowledge, expounding their spatial distribution characteristics. The results show that water and wind erosion interleaving mainly distributes in Daxinanling Yinshan mountain and Qinling Qilian mountain. Ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry mainly distributes in border on Liaoning and Inner Mongolia, north Shanxi, Shannxi,and east Gansu province. There exists largely difference from these zones spatial distribution and two ecology fragility zones in north China. This distribution has bad impact on environment. Finally, it is suggested some countermeasures to treat from the ecological rehabilitation.