[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of moss crusts on the spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion and deposition on slopes on the Loess Plateau. [Methods] Simulated rainfall experiments integrated with Structure-from-Motion（SfM） photogrammetry were conducted to analyze the spatial distribution of soil erosion and deposition on slopes with varying moss crust coverage levels（bare soil, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%）. [Results] 1) Moss crusts significantly reduced soil erosion rates by 23.34%, 37.01%, 51.01% and 71.26%, respectively, compared to bare slopes. 2) The primary erosion zones on moss crust-covered slopes were located in the bare patches of the upper and middle part of the slopes, while deposition predominantly occurred in moss crust-covered regions at the base of the slopes. 3) Compared to bare slopes, moss crusts effectively reduced the area of slope erosion by 14.69%, 42.97%, 58.69% and 82.25%, respectively, and reduced erosion depth by 4 mm. 4) Moss crusts caused localized deposition on the slopes, with depositional areas accounting for 0.21%, 8.41%, 4.53% and 0.41% for the moss crust-covered slopes under respective coverage, and the thickness of the deposition increased by 2 mm compared to bare slopes. 5) Moss crust significantly influenced the spatial distribution characteristics of erosion-deposition on slopes through surface coverage and sediment interception. [Conclusion] The results can advance our understanding of the spatial distribution of soil erosion on the biocrust-covered slopes on the Loess Plateau, and provide a scientific foundation for further analysis of the mechanisms underlying the soil erosion process on the moss-covered slopes, as well as for formulating and implementing effective soil and water conservation management measures.