[Objective] This study aims to reveal the soil inorganic carbon sequestration effects and the environmental impact mechanisms during the vegetation restoration process in desertified lands. [Methods] Shrub and tree sand-fixing forests from semi-fixed sandy land（0 a） to vegetation restoration of 24-56 a in the Hongshixia experimental forest farm of Yulin Mu Us Sandy Land were selected. The evolution characteristics of total inorganic carbon, water-soluble inorganic carbon, and inorganic carbon components in the 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil layers, as well as sand, silt and clay-bound inorganic carbon components, were quantified. Meanwhile, the relationships between the evolution of inorganic carbon component pools and vegetation and soil physicochemical properties were analyzed.[Results] As the restoration time of sand fixation forest prolonged, the contents of total inorganic carbon and its components in the soil of both types of sand fixation forest showed an increasing trend. Moreover, in both soil layers, the accumulation rates of mineral particle-bound inorganic carbon were relatively high. In the 0-20 cm soil layer of shrub land and arbor land, the carbon fixation rate reached 0.13 and 0.17 g/（m²·a）, which were on average 5.0,1.2 and 7.0 times higher than the accumulation rates of water-soluble inorganic carbon and sand particles and clay particles, respectively. When the vegetation was restored for 56 years, total inorganic carbon contents in the 0-10 cm soil layer of the arbor land and shrub land were 12.4 and 17.9 times greater than that of semi-fixed land, with increments 1.4-1.8 times those of the 10-20 cm soil layer. Meanwhile, the proportions of inorganic carbon in different soil components were ranked as silt-bound carbon ＞sand-bound carbon＞water-soluble carbon ＞clay-bound carbon. Further RDA and correlation analyses indicated that changes in litter mass, soil bulk density, and Ca²⁺ concentration were key factors promoting the sequestration of soil inorganic carbon and its components.[Conclusion] The improvement of environmental factors during sandfixing forest restoration can significantly promote the increase of total inorganic carbon and mineral particle-bound inorganic carbon, with silt-bound carbon being the primary form of inorganic carbon fixation. This may be one of the important mechanisms for reversing accumulation of inorganic carbon in the soil during desertification.