［Objective］To explore the changes in soil organic matter in the short term during vegetation restoration in bauxite mining areas and their driving factors，in order to provide basic data for rapidly increasing soil organic carbon in mining areas.［Methods］Taking a typical bauxite mining area in Guizhou Province as the research area， we analyzed soil environment，soil organic carbon and its active organic carbon components（particulate organic carbon，POC；readily oxidizable organic carbon，ROC；light fraction organic carbon，LFOC），carbon pool management index（CPMI），and the factors driving changes in soil organic carbon and its active components during the short term of vegetation restoration（recovery years include the current year，1 year，2 years and 3 years）.［Results］1）Soil organic carbon content in the bauxite mining area was low，ranging from 13.781 to 24.566 g/kg，with the proportion of readily oxidizable organic carbon to total organic carbon increasing with the recovery years. 2）Compared to the current year of recovery，short-term vegetation restoration significantly increased the carbon pool management index，with specific values ranked in the order of 3 years（39.46）>1 year （38.88）>2 years（32.26）>current year（16.65）. 3）Redundancy analysis showed that soil pH and bacterial community richness explained 40.2% and 22.8% of the variation in the content of organic carbon and its active organic carbon components，respectively.［Conclusion］During the short term of vegetation restoration in bauxite mining areas，readily oxidizable organic carbon is an important indicator of soil carbon pool，short-term vegetation restoration has increased the carbon pool management index，and the main factors influencing changes in soil organic carbon and its active organic carbon components are pH and bacterial richness.