［Objective］ To analyze the effects of photovoltaic （PV） arrays on climate and soil in rocky desertification areas and the underlying mechanisms，and to provide a scientific basis for“PV+ ”initiatives and ecological restoration in rocky desertification areas.［Methods］Taking Yunnan Shilin photovoltaic power station as the research object，based on meteorological station observations and soil property measurements，we analyzed the dynamic changes in microclimate and soil physicochemical properties between PV array area and non-PV array area in dry and wet seasons through analysis of variance（ANOVA），Mantel test，and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling（PLS-SEM），in order to explore the process and mechanism of the impacts of PV modules on microclimate and soil.［Results］1）Across different seasons，PV arrays significantly affected local microclimate factors and soil physicochemical properties（p<0.05）. Compared with non-PV array areas，during the rainy season，PV array areas significantly increased air humidity（4%）and soil temperature（7%），and decreased wind speed（77%），soil moisture（10%），light intensity（59%），soil bulk density（21%）SOC （55%），TN（14%）and HN（52%）. In the dry season，PV array areas significantly increased AK（32%）and decreased wind speed（89%），soil bulk density（11%），SOC（27%）and HN（37%）. 2）Within the PV arrays， soil hydrothermal and nutrient changes were mainly promoted by light intensity，air temperature，wind speed，and pH. The PV arrays had a direct positive effect on microclimate，soil hydrothermal conditions，and soil nutrients， and at the same time，indirectly improved soil chemical properties through improving microclimate and soil hydrothermal conditions.［Conclusion］The installation of PV panels in the rocky desertification area of central Yunnan can reduce wind speed and block light，increase air humidity，maintain soil temperature and moisture， increase soil bulk density and available potassium content，thereby contributing to the improvement of ecosystem stability.