[Objective] To investigate the effects of different tillage patterns and biochar application on soil nitrogen and phosphorus transformation and maize growth and development in farmland in the black soil area. [Methods] In this paper, 10 different treatments were set up through a field experiment: deep tillage + 0t/hm2 ^{biochar (DCK), deep tilla}ge + 3t/hm2 ^{biochar (D}3), deep tillage + 6t/hm2 ^{biochar (}D6), deep tillage + 9t/hm2 ^{biochar (}D9), deep tillage + 12t/hm2 ^{biochar (}D12), shallow tillage + 0kg/mu biochar (SCK), shallow tillage + 3t/hm2 ^{biochar (}S3), shallow tillage + 6t/hm2 ^{biochar (}S6), shallow tillage + 9t/hm2 ^{biochar (}S9), and shallow tillage + 12t/hm2 ^{biochar (}S12), to investigate the combined effects of different tillage patterns and biochar application on soil nitrogen and phosphorus fractions, enzyme activities, and physiological characteristics of maize. [Results] The results of the study showed that: (1) deep tillage and shallow tillage in combination with biochar application could effectively improve soil structure, increase the geometric mean diameter of agglomerates and reduce the percentage of damage, and the deep tillage treatment was more effective than the shallow tillage treatment; (2) the application of biochar improved soil nitrogen-phosphorus fractions, urease activity, and alkaline phosphatase activity, and the effect of applying biochar at the rate of 9t/hm² was the best, which was more pronounced in the deep tillage treatment; (3) deep tillage The application of biochar up to 9t/hm2 ^{under d}eep plowing treatment increased the total nitrogen and phosphorus contents and glutamine synthetase activity of leaves, and decreased the acid phosphatase activity; (4) the yield of corn under deep plowing condition with the application of 9t/hm2 ^of biochar was as high as 17.37t/hm2^{, which was increased by} 28.9% compared with that of the CK group. [Conclusion] The deep-tillage treatment and application of 9t/hm² biochar provided a reference for the nutrient environment and crop growth in agricultural fields in the black soil area.