In order to reduce soil erosion during the period from sowing to emergence of crops in sloping farmland, the effects of microtopography formed by different sowing patterns on soil and water erosion were studied by simulating rainfall. A total of six treatments were set up, among which T1 treatment was deep ditching sowing (20 cm deep), T2 treatment was shallow ditching sowing (10 cm deep), T3 treatment was pond sowing, T4 treatment was high ridge sowing (20 cm high, 30 cm wide), T5 treatment was low ridge sowing (10 cm high, 15 cm wide) and T6 treatment was flat sowing (blank control). 27 simulated rainfall experiments were carried out under 40 mm/h, 80 mm/h and 120 mm/h rainfall intensities on 10°, 15°and 20° slopes for each treatment. The results showed that both ditching and ridging sowing treatments could effectively reduce soil and water erosion. The soil and water conservation effects of each treatment followed the order of T1＞T4＞T2＞T5, and there was no significant difference between T3 and T6. Among them, the soil and water conservation effect of T1 treatment was the best. Under each slope and rainfall intensity, compared with T6 treatment, the time of surface runoff generation was delayed by 65.9%~178.1%, the infiltration rate increased by 102.6%~195.1%, the surface runoff and the soil erosion reduced by 75.6%~82.6% and 95.3%~99.1%, respectively, in T1 treatment. T1 and T4 could well retain rainwater in ditch or ridge, and could effectively prevent water from crossing ridge or flowing out of ditch. Among them, T1 treatment had the best effect in preventing water from flowing out of the ditch, which only occurred in rare cases. The study on the influence of microtopography formed by different sowing patterns on soil and water loss was of reference significance for soil and water conservation in the early stage of crop growth in sloping farmland.