Pinus tabulaeformis is a typical species in the forest of northern China. The researches on the distribution, budget and transmission of radiant energy of P. tabulaeformis canopy are the theoretical basis for the building radiation transmission model and the ecological process model of the forest canopy, which are crucial for exploring the mechanism of energy flow and material circulation in forest communities. Based on the upwelling and downwelling of longwave and shortwave radiation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and meteorological data obtained from the flux tower over the P. tabulaeformis communities in Helan Mountain forest ecosystem research station, the radiative energy interception and transmission characteristics of the P. tabulaeformis forest canopy under various weather and season conditions over the period of April to September 2021 were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) Under sunny condition, the diurnal variation of total solar radiation showed a smooth curve with a single peak, but an irregular curve with multiple peaks under cloudy condition, and the total solar radiation energy decreased by 48.3% to reach the top of the canopy. (2) The total solar radiation reaching the top of the canopy was dominated by the downwelling shortwave radiation. Although the diurnal variation of upwelling shortwave radiation showed a single peak curve under sunny condition, it only accounted for 8.1% of downwelling shortwave radiation. The longwave radiation of upwelling and downwelling fluctuated slightly with the alternation of day and night. (3) The seasonal dynamic characteristics of solar shortwave radiation revealed that both upwelling and downwelling shortwave radiation were the highest in June, while the highest upwelling and downwelling longwave radiation appeared in July. (4) The diurnal variation of PAR was a regular single peak curve above the canopy (25 m), but became irregular below the canopy (7 m) after interception and transmission by the canopy. The transmissivity of PAR ranged from 32.2% to 53.9%, and the highest value appeared in June. (5) The shortwave reflectance was over 7.8%~8.8% during the growing season from April to September, while the ratio of incoming and outgoing longwave radiation of surface ranged from 0.73 to 0.80. The above results showed that the P. tabulaeformis canopy in Helan Mountain had a large radiation interception effect, and the transmission of radiation through the canopy changed significantly in different weather conditions and seasons.