In order to explore the influence of climate and vegetation coverage changes on the shore slope of the fading zone of the Three Gorges reservoir area, the erosion laws and changing characteristics of different rainfall intensity and the vegetation coverage (0, 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%) were analyzed with artificial simulated rainfall experiments. The results show that: (1) Under different rain intensities, the accumulated sediment yield of vegetation slope erosion shows a downward trend with the increase of vegetation coverage, and the overall downward evolution trend can be divided into three stages rapid-gentle-stable, and the critical coverage of the shore slope of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in the fading zone is 50%~70%, and maintaining vegetation coverage in this interval can effectively inhibit the sediment loss on the slope. (2) The relative coefficient of surface runoff under the same vegetation cover is positively correlated with rain intensity. The relative coefficient of surface runoff under the same rain intensity is negatively correlated with the vegetation coverage. It indicates that the vegetation on the slope can effectively block the surface runoff and have a certain inhibitory effect on soil erosion. (3) The Horton rainfall infiltration model was selected to analyze the influence of different vegetation coverage on the infiltration rate of rainfall. The analysis suyyests that the infiltration of rainfall on the slopes under different vegetation cover was roughly divided into three stages rapid decrease in the early stage of rainfall, slowing down in the midterm, and gradual stabilization in the later stage. The greater the vegetation coverage, the higher the stable penetration rate. The research results can provide a theoretical reference for soil erosion control on the slopes of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and for promoting the protection and restoration of the ecological environment of the Yangtze River.