Soil moisture is a key factor restricting ecological restoration and reconstruction in the Loess Plateau, and exploring the increase and storage of soil moisture is an important part of land reclamation and ecosystem reconstruction on the slope of the dump. In this paper, the slope of the southern dump of ATB Opencast Coal Mine was selected as the study area through micro-topography shaping and artificial rainfall simulation experiments. For the design of level benches, the step width was 1 m, the step length was 2 m, and the spacing between each level bench was 1 m. For the design of fish-scale pits, the length was 60 cm, the width was 40 cm, and the depth was 30 cm. The horizontal and row spacing of each fish-scale pit was 1 m, and the unshaped terrain was used as the control. Dynamic monitoring of soil moisture was carried out, and descriptive statistical analysis and variance analysis were used to discuss the dynamic changes and vertical changes of soil moisture under different rainfall intensities and different micro-topography. In addition, the effects of rainfall intensity, micro-topography shaping mode and soil depth on soil moisture were studied by multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that: (1) Under the same micro-topography, soil moisture content increased with the increase of rainfall intensities, and the variation range gradually decreased. High-intensity rainfall caused significant changes in surface soil moisture content, while low-intensity rainfall caused significant changes in deep soil moisture content. (2) Under the same rainfall intensity, different micro-topography could effectively increase soil moisture, and compared with fish-scale pits, level benches could better increase soil moisture. (3) With the increase of soil depth, the coefficient of variation of soil water content gradually decreased, and all belonged to medium variation. Under different rainfall conditions, the vertical variability of soil moisture caused by micro-topography was greater than that of the control. (4) The effects of rainfall intensity, micro-topography and soil depth on soil moisture were extremely significant, and the magnitude of the impact on soil moisture was: micro-topography＞rainfall intensity＞soil depth. These findings indicate that micro-topography shaping in open-pit coal mine dumps is beneficial to the replenishment and storage of soil moisture, and has positive significance for land remediation and ecological restoration of dumps.