Exploring the composition, source of soil organic carbon (SOC) and its stabilization mechanism is key to deeply understand the carbon sink function of terrestrial ecosystem. Compared with the fruitful achievenents of "increasing soil carbon sink", the "stabilizing soil carbon sink" are poorly understood, especially the SOC stabilization mechanism drived by soil microbial under vegetation restoration in eroded areas has not been fully revealed becaused of low SOC accumulation efficiency with the SOC loss under soil erosion. Based on a brief summary of the benefits and influencing factors of SOC accumulation in the process of vegetation restoration in eroded areas, the effects of vegetation restoration on the stability of SOC and its active components were reviewed; Based on the brief introduction of the important role of soil microorganisms in regulating SOC stability, the study progress of SOC stability based on soil microbial carbon pump (MCP) theory were summarized. The main research directions in this field in the future were also suggested, including research objects (especially the rocky desertification area in Southwest China and red soil hilly area in South China), research contents (soil microbial mediated SOC stability and regulation mechanism), research methods (combining field typical sample investigation with indoor microbial culture based the MCP concept) and soil layer (deep soil below 20 cm).