Exploring the difference of particle size characteristics and hydrological effect of reconstructed soil under the different mixture ratio of abandoned slag and farmland soil is of great significance for improving the structural stability, efficient utilization of water resources and utilization of resources in the quarrying wasteland. Taking the abandoned residue of quarry and farmland soil as reconstruction matrix as research objects, the soil column simulation method was used to explore the difference of soil particle size structure and hydrological effect at different both volume ratios of 0:10 (C₁), 3:7 (C₂), 5:5 (C₃), 7:3 (C₄) and 10:0 (C₅) respectively. The results showed that:(1) The higher ratios of abandoned slag resulted in the greater specific gravity of sand, and the smaller of clay and silt. The maximum specific gravity of sand was 61.50%. The characteristic parameters of particle size, such as dispersion, skewness and kurtosis, decreased, increased and increased respectively, and the non-uniformity coefficient decreased significantly, the curvature coefficient fluctuated between 1 to 3, and the fractal dimension showed an insignificant decreasing trend. The soil structure changed in an unstable direction. (2) The increase of abandoned residue in mixed soil would lead to the increase of bulk density, the decrease of the number of capillary pores and total pores, the increase of the number of non-capillary pores, and the decrease of field water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity and saturated water holding capacity. At the same time, the changes of initial infiltration, stable infiltration, average infiltration and cumulative infiltration basically showed an increasing trend. There was a fluctuating change in the used time of steady infiltration. Under different ratios, the soil infiltration model fitted well with R² ≥ 0.856, RRMSE ≤ 0.153. The grey correlation analysis showed that C₅ had the best infiltration performance. (3) The mixed soil with the abandoned residue:farmland soil of 3:7 gave the best performance in the particle size structure and hydrological effect.