In order to further understand the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of nitrate inorchard soil under farmers' production practice conditions, in this study, the production and management status of 28 orchards in Baoding area of Taihang Mountain piedmont plain in Hebei Province were investigated. The content, accumulation and main influencing factors of nitrate nitrogen in soil of 31vineyards and adjacent farmland from 0 to 200 cm were determined and analyzed. The results showed that the nitrogen application rate was relatively high in grape production, with an average of 297 kg/hm² per season. Excessive nutrient input resulted in nitrogen accumulation in the soil, and nitrate leaching was obvious in 0-200 cm soil layer, with the accumulation up to 1 555 kg/hm². Soil nitrate content varied at different tree ages, nitrogen application rates and irrigation amount, but all showed a tendency to increase with the increase of soil depth, and was significantly higher than that of farmland soil. The correlation analysis showed that the nitrate accumulation was positively correlated with the tree age and the nitrogen application rate, but negatively correlated with the irrigation amount. Path analysis showed that the nitrogen application rate was the most influential factor on soil nitrate accumulation, followed by the tree age and fertilization times, and finally the irrigation amount. The number of fertilization mainly affected nitrate accumulation indirectly through the effect of nitrogen application rate. In conclusion, the nitrogen surplus of vineyards in this region was serious, and a large amount of soil nitrate nitrogen was accumulated and leaching into the deep soil. The main factors affecting nitrate nitrogen accumulation in this region were nitrogen application rate, tree age and irrigation amount.