Ten runoff plots with different configuration patterns of soil and water conservation measures in Shixia watershed Soil and Water Conservation Technology Demonstration Park were used as the study objects, and the changes in local rainfall patterns from 2004-2019 were firstly analyzed. In addition, 19 representative heavy rainfall events occurring in 2010-2018 were used as sample rainfall events to explore the effects of different configuration patterns on soil erosion and non-point source pollution characteristics. The results showed that: (1) Rainfall variation from 2004-2019 ranged 331.4~598.9 mm, with an average annual rainfall of 484 mm, a decrease in the frequency of light and moderate rainfall, and an increase in the frequency of heavy rainfall. (2) Soil and water conservation measures were effective in reducing flow and sediment and nutrient loss. In terms of reducing surface runoff, the best configuration models were fish scale pit clover fields and maize terraces, with flow reduction rates of 88.59% and 88.40% respectively; in terms of reducing sediment, the best configuration model was maize terraces, with a sediment reduction rate of 97.82%; in terms of reducing non-point source pollution, the best-performing configuration model was maize terraces, whose reduction rates for TN, TP and COD were 79.57%, 75.90% and 91.31% respectively. (3) Under heavy rainfall conditions, rainfall was positively correlated with flow production and sediment production, TN, TP and COD, and the correlation between rainfall and runoff volume and runoff coefficient were higher, with correlation coefficients of 0.608 and 0.553 respectively. I₃₀ and I₆₀ were more highly correlated with flow production and sediment production and COD. In addition, the correlations of rainfall ephemeris and I₆₀ with TN, TP and COD were also high. The results of the study provide a reference basis for revealing the soil erosion mechanism of slopes under heavy rainfall conditions in suburban areas of Beijing, and at the same time provide a scientific basis for local work on soil and water conservation under heavy rainfall.