This study conducted a field plot experiment, including four nitrogen application levels:N0 (no nitrogen fertilizer), N1 (90 kg/hm² of nitrogen fertilizer in both early and late rice), N2 (120 kg/hm² of nitrogen fertilizer in early rice, 135 kg/hm² in late rice) and N3 (150 kg/hm² of nitrogen fertilizer in early rice, 180 kg/hm² of nitrogen fertilizer in late rice), to study the nitrogen absorption and the loss of nitrogen in various ways of double-cropping rice for two consecutive years in 2017-2018. The annual nitrogen surplus was calculated to preliminarily reveal the characteristics of nitrogen budget in double cropping rice fields. The results showed that on the nitrogen absorption, rice yield increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application. Yield of N2 and N3 were significantly higher than that of N1, while N3 was higher than N2 without significant difference. The grain yield of double cropping rice was 8 869.6~11 002.1 kg/hm², straw yield was 8 666.2~10 744.2 kg/hm². Nitrogen accumulation in rice also increased significantly with nitrogen application. The average nitrogen uptake of single cropping rice was 70.6~112.5 kg/hm², and 140.88~226.5 kg/hm² in double cropping rice. The average nitrogen uptake efficiency was 25.6%~28.7%, 6.5~8.3 kg/kg in agronomic, 23.8~27.0 kg/kg in physiological, and 33.5~56.1 kg/kg in partial productivity. The nitrogen uptake efficiency of N2 treatment was highest. The nitrogen loss of N3 treatment was the highest, and N2 was slightly higher than N1, but the difference was not significant. As for the nitrogen loss, the annual ammonia volatilization loss of each treatment was 20.04~111.97 kg/hm² and the loss rate was 22.33%~26.68%. The N₂O emission loss was 1.38~3.15 kg/hm² and the loss rate was 0.49%~0.86%, the nitrogen leaching loss was 5.10~40.97 kg/hm² and the loss rate was 8.63%~10.87%, the nitrogen runoff loss was 3.78~12.98 kg/hm² and the loss rate was 1.67%~3.38%, the single annual soil inorganic nitrogen residue was -5.70~41.53 kg/hm², and the total nitrogen residue was -15.18~53.02 kg/hm². As for the nitrogen budget, the nitrogen surplus in each treatment was increased with the increase of nitrogen application. The nitrogen surplus of N3 treatment was the highest, N2 was slightly higher than N1. The nitrogen surplus was 13.05~32.20 kg/hm² in the nitrogen treatment in 2017, and 29.18~39.90 kg/hm² in 2018, showing an upward trend in the annual nitrogen surplus. It showed that fertilization was the most important source of nitrogen in double cropping rice field nitrogen cycle, the nitrogen output was dominated by crop absorption, ammonia volatilization and nitrogen leaching loss were also important nitrogen output pathways. The N2 treatment was an appropriate nitrogen application, that is to reduce nitrogen by 20%~25% than the farmers conventional application amount which could not only ensure the nitrogen absorption and use efficiency of double cropping rice, but also reduce the nitrogen loss and surplus.