In order to study the stability of soil aggregates and the distribution of organic carbon and other nutrients in alpine grassland and alpine meadow on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, in this study, soil samples were collected from the alpine region of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the changes of soil aggregates and nutrient factors were measured and analyzed in the laboratory. The results showed that: >0.25 mm percentage of water-stable aggregates (WSA), mean weight diameter (MWD), and geometric mean diameter (GMD) in the alpine soil of the Tibetan plateau were meadow>grassland, the fractal dimension (D) and the aggregate processing damage rate (PAD) were grassland>meadow. Therefore, on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau the stability of soil aggregates in the alpine meadow was higher than that in the alpine grassland. The soil stability and nutrient content of alpine meadow decreased significantly with the increase of soil depth (P<0.05), while the soil stability and nutrient content of grassland showed no significant change trend with the increase of soil depth. The soil stability and nutrient content of alpine grassland decreased with the increase of altitude, while that of alpine meadow decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of altitude. There was a significant correlation between soil agglomeration degree and nutrient content in alpine meadow (P<0.01), while there was no significant correlation between soil agglomeration degree and nutrient content in alpine grassland. Aggregates of >4, 4~2, and 2~1 mm were the main factors that affect the content of soil nutrients, and the stability of soil aggregates was mainly affected by macro-aggregates. The results of the study have important scientific significance for soil quality evaluation and ecological environment protection in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.