To study the effects of forest and grass vegetation restoration on soil aggregate size distribution, soil structure stability, and aggregate soil organic carbon in rocky desertification control area of karst plateau, in order to provide theoretical basis for improving soil structure, revegetation, maintaining, and improving soil organic carbon pool, five common forest and grass vegetation (honeysuckle, pitaya, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, wild ground grass, and native shrubbery) in the demonstration area of rocky desertification control in the Karst Plateau of Guizhou were taken as the research object, soil aggregate grain diameter were grouped by wet sieving method, the distribute of aggregates and soil organic carbon content in each soil layer in the vertical profile of 0-40 cm soil layer under five forest and grass vegetation modes was comparatively analyzed. The results showed that in the vertical profile of 0-40 cm soil layer, the distribute characteristic of the soil aggregates in four grain sizes of >5, 2~5, 0.25~2, and <0.25 mm were shown as:honeysuckles 31.89%, 32.85%, 28.48%, 6.78%; pitaya 19.11%, 32.68%, 37.72%, 8.49%; Z. bungeanum 10.42%, 18.39%, 57.90%, 13.29%; wild ground grass 40.38%, 20.68%, 30.34%, 8.61%; native shrubbery 47.04%, 17.80%, 30.25%, 4.91%. The water-stable macro aggregate content (>0.25 mm) showed as native shrubbery (95.09%) > honeysuckle (93.22%) > pitaya (91.51%) > wild ground grass (91.39%) > Z. bungeanum (86.71%). In general, aggregates in the five forest and grass vegetation were dominated by macro aggregates (>0.25 mm); among them, soil from the native shrubbery had the highest content and soil from the Z. bungeanum had the lowest content. In the whole soil profile, the soil aggregate stability indicators MWD and GMD of the native shrubbery were higher, which indicated that the soil structure is better and the stability is stronger. In the 0-40 cm soil profile, the organic carbon of each aggregate level decreased with the increase of soil depth, and showed surface layer enrichment. The organic carbon of aggregate showed the highest content in<0.25 mm level, and the lowest content in >5 mm level. Generally speaking, the soil aggregates of native shrubbery land had a better stability, and had the highest content of organic carbon in each layer of each aggregate level.