Effects of short-duration rainstorm and slope gradients on the runoff and sediment yield were studied in bare iron tailings slope using the indoor artificial rainfall simulation method. The results showed that:(1) Under different rainfall intensities, the runoff, sediment yield, and runoff sediment content of different slope gradients show a dynamic trend with the increase of rainfall duration. The difference was that the runoff gradually stabilizes after 15~24 minutes. (2) Under different rainfall intensities, the relationship between runoff, sediment yield, and slope gradients of bare iron tailings slope had a critical rainfall intensity, and the range of this critical rainfall intensity was about 90 mm/h, and the range value of specific critical rainfall intensity needed further studies and determination. (3) Under different rainfall intensities, the sediment yield and runoff sediment content between different slope gradients increased with the rainfall intensity, and the relationship between them and slope gradually changed from negative correlation to positive correlation. (4) When the rainfall intensity increased from 60 mm/h to 120 mm/h, the runoff and sediment yield with rainfall intensity under different slope conditions showed a generally gradual upward trend, and there were local special cases. When the slope increased from 25° to 35°, the relationship between runoff and sediment yield under different rainfall intensities was not obvious; but under the same slope gradient condition, the runoff and sediment yield basically increased with the increase of rainfall intensity. The research results provide reference for the study on the mechanism of rainfall intensity and slope on the abortion sand production of bare iron tailings.