In order to explore the ecological restoration significance of bryophytes in rocky desertification areas, four common bryophytes(Eurohypnum leptothallum, Brachythecium perminusculum, Bryum dichotomum and Cyrto-hypnum pygmaeum)in rocky desertification areas were selected. The biomass, saturated water absorption, root density, transpiration rate, and anti-scour ability were measured. For the first time, these four bryophytes were applied to the practice of rocky desertification restoration, and their soil enzyme activities were tracked and monitored for one year. The results showed that the water holding capacity of the four bryophytes was significantly different.(1)The biomass of the four bryophytes was ranked as follows:E. leptothallum > B. dichotomum > B. perminusculum > C. pygmaeum. The lowest saturated water absorption was C. pygmaeum (660.78±3.46)%, and the highest was E. leptothallum(1 627.82±4.68)%. (2)Bryum dichotomum showed that highest transpiration rate (6.63 g/(kg·h)) and was more easily to lose moisture, while E. leptothallum's moisture was less likely to lose than other bryophytes as it showed the lowest transpiration rate(0.93 g/(kg·h)). (3)There was a significant positive correlation between anti-erosion ability and root length density, root weight density and biomass. Eurohypnum leptothallum showed strong erosion resistance in each set of scouring experiments and could effectively reduce soil loss.(4)All four bryophytes could effectively increase the enzyme activity of the cultured soil. The bryophyte biomass, anti-erosion enhancement, and pseudo root density were positively correlated with soil dehydrogenase and urease activity. All four kinds of bryophytes had high water and soil conservation benefits, and the benefit of E. leptothallumwas more pronounced. It is recommended to use bryophyte in rocky desertification repair practices by using species succession rules.