A wheat pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different fertilization layers on soil nutrients and crop growth. The local farmer's customary fertilization (tillage after topsoil fertilization) was taken as control, and the following treatments was set:no fertilizer application, controlled-release bulk-blend fertilizer topsoil fertilization then tillage, one layer fertilization and topdressing of common fertilizer, common fertilizer layered fertilization and controlled-release bulk-blend fertilizer layered fertilization. The fertilization layers treatments included:one layer (5 cm), two layers (5 and 10 cm) and three layers (5, 10 and 15 cm). The aim was to select the optimal fertilization layers of common fertilizer and controlled-release bulk-blend fertilizer respectively, and to provide the theoretical support for the technology of layered fertilization, especially for the technology of sowing and fertilization at the same time which is popularized now. The results showed that compared with the topsoil fertilization of common bulk-blend fertilizer, the wheat yield was increased by 14.02% and 15.83% significantly under one layer and two layers fertilization of common fertilizer, respectively, and the biomass was significantly increased by 13.44% under two layers fertilization of common fertilizer. Compared with controlled-release bulk-blend fertilizer fertilization, the yield of two layers and three layers fertilization of controlled-release bulk-blend fertilizer was significantly increased by 7.47% and 5.55% respectively, but the biomass was increased insignificantly. The nitrogen supplying of one layer and two layers of common fertilizer fitted better with every wheat growing stage than other treatments, and two and three layers fertilization of controlled-release bulk-blend fertilizer better than other controlled-release bulk-blend layered fertilization. The contents of available phosphorus and available potassium were not significant among different treatments. Compared with the topsoil fertilization of common fertilizer, the nutrient use efficiency of common fertilizer layered fertilization was significantly increased by 44.4%, 40.7% and 62.9% (nitrogen), 35.7%, 64.3% and 42.8% (phosphorus) and 16.7%, 33.3% and 53.3% (potassium), respectively. But compared with the topsoil fertilization of controlled-release bulk-blend fertilizer, only the phosphorus use efficiency of controlled-release bulk-blend fertilizer layered fertilization was increased significantly by 35.0%, 35.7%, and 35.0% respectively. So, it was suggested that two layers (5 and 10 cm) fertilization of common fertilizer, two layers (5 and 10 cm) or three layers (5, 10 and 15 cm) fertilization of controlled-release bulk-blend fertilizer should be practiced in agricultural production.