In order to investigate the effects of different slope vegetation patterns on energy regulation and the relationships between water and sediment, an indoor scouring experiment was set up. The erosion and sediment yield equation under different slope vegetation patterns was established based on the energy parameter for the in-depth understanding of the response relationships between energy and sediment yield. The results showed that: (1) Compared to the bare slope, the runoff power greatly reduced under slope vegetation cover condition, indicating that vegetation could effectively reduce runoff power and protect the soil. At different times, unit stream power was small in the slope, but rapidly increased when flowing into the trench, showing a "N" shape curve. SPSS analysis showed that effects of slope vegetation patterns on the unit stream power was not significant (P >0.05), and little effect on the change of the runoff energy consumption was observed. At different times, the slope surface runoff energy consumption on each section in different slope vegetation patterns ranged in 1 500~2 000 J, but increased sharply in the channel, up to about 4 800 J. (2) Planting vegetation on the slope of slope gully system could effectively play an important role of water storage and sediment reduction. When the distance between grasses strip to the slop top was 2 m (pattern F), the water storage efficiency was up to 19.07%, and when the distance was 6 m (pattern B), the sediment reduction rate was as high as 69.02%. (3) The cumulative runoff yield and cumulative sediment yield in different slope vegetation patterns showed a functional relationship of M=aQb, and the correlation coefficient a and b could be used as indicators of water storage and sediment reduction efficiency. (4) There was a linear relationship between runoff power and average sediment transport rates in different slope vegetation patterns, the functional form was D=cω+d.