In southern Xinjiang oasis cotton fields, the river water was taken as control (CK), using salt water mixed with water, settings for 3 g/L and 5 g/L saline water, researched on the effect of saline water drip irrigation on water and salt transport features and cotton yield. The results showed that: Soil moisture content and soil salt content of 3 g/L and 5 g/L salinity in the whole growth period increased with the increase of salinity, before full-bloom stage (July 21) there was no significant difference of soil moisture content, but the highest soil salinity was CK, the soil salt content after full-bloom stage was 5 g/L>3 g/L>CK and its difference was significant (p<0.05). Vertical direction, soil moisture content increased with increasing soil depth, and with the increase of brackish water salinity, soil moisture content showed a trend of increase, which had a significant differences between treatment after full-bloom stage. With the increase of soil depth, the soil salt content showed the downtrend, the more times of drip irrigation, the more difference of different treatments, at full-boll stage (August 4) it reached significant level. Horizontal direction, the farther distance of water dropper head, the smaller soil moisture content, and the soil moisture content increased gradually with the increase of salinity. The soil salt content of 3 g/L and 5 g/L was lower than that of CK before full-bloom stage, after full-bloom stage the soil salt content declined along with the distance of water drops head, and was positive correlation with salinity. Lint yield of 3 g/L decreased by 2.1%, no obvious difference, but that of 5 g/L decreased by 9.6%, and there was significant difference. The main reason of declining lint yield was a significant reduction in the boll number per plant and single boll weight, but no significant effect on lint percentage. Therefore, before full-bloom stage cotton could use saline water for irrigation, and saline water salinity should not be more than 3 g/L.