Effects of characteristics of soil particle composition, organic carbon content in different soil particles and the correlation between them were studied in Manasi county, Xinjiang province. Selected four years of reclamation of cultivated land as the research object, and soil samples collected from 0~300 cm soil layer, obtained the composition of soil particles by laser method, to investigate the long-term effects of tillage on soil particle composition and organic carbon content of different soil particles. Results showed that the research of regional soil particle composition in sand (about 21.0%~35.4%) and powder (about 46.0%~50.0%), lower significantly higher than the upper content, sand content and silt content was significantly lower than the upper and lower in the middle. With the increase of cultivated fixed number of year, the silty clay loam upper top layer (0~60 cm) was transformed into loam, the silt loam in 60~100 cm was transformed into loam, the soil texture in middle and lower (100~300 cm) had less change. The soil organic carbon content increased first and then decreased with the increasing of the year of cultivation, growth rate reached 71.8%, and the increasing of the length of the organic carbon increased the value of tillage. At the same time, the correlation between silt, sand and soil organic carbon content was not high, and the clay and organic carbon content showed significant positive correlation. The range of correlation coefficient (r) between soil clay and organic carbon content under unused (Y0), 20 years cultivation (Y20), 40 years cultivation (Y40) and 60 years cultivation (Y60) was (0.67*)~(0.75*), achieved significant difference (P<0.05). Human farming methods on the composition of soil particles and organic carbon content had an impact, so scientific and reasonable farming could increase soil carbon sequestration ability, had good protection effect on soil carbon cycle system.