In order to effectively use and store rainfall in summer, and clear soil water dynamic change regularity with different planting system and soil tillage patterns in anniversary wheat field, it was implemented by using the method of field contrast in Linfen of Shanxi province, the effect of soil tillage patterns during the summer fallow period on soil water dynamics and water use efficiency of anniversary wheat field under multiple cropping millet in wheat stubble were studied. The results showed that, in little summer precipitation year, the soil water storage was minimum tillage>traditional tillage>no tillage in 0—200 cm soil layer at sowing period, and the soil water consumption was higher during whole millet growth period under multiple cropping millet in wheat stubble than that of the other three tillage patterns in summer fallow period. In great precipitation year, the soil water storage was millet stubble＜minimum tillage and traditional tillage in summer fallow period in 0—200 cm soil layer at green-turning and jointing stages, but it was opposite at filling and ripening stages. From sowing-returning green stages, the soil water consumption was lower in all soil layer under millet stubble than that of minimum tillage and traditional tillage in summer fallow period; and from returning green- jointing stages to filling and ripening stages, the soil water storage changed from accumulating to deficit in 0—200 cm soil layer; and from sowing-ripening stages, the soil water consumption was traditional tillage in summer fallow period>minimum tillage in summer fallow period>multiple cropping millet in wheat stubble in 0—200 cm soil layer. Throughout one year soil water accumulated at different degree under millet stubble, minimum tillage and traditional tillage in summer fallow period in 0-100 cm soil layer, and in 100—200 cm, 0—200 cm soil layer water saved under millet stubble, but minimum tillage and traditional tillage in summer fallow period were deficits. Water use efficiency was millet stubble>minimum tillage in summer fallow period>traditional tillage in summer fallow period. The study provided theoretical basis and technical support for correct planting of tillage system and soil tillage patterns in summer fallow period.