Rainfall characteristics and the effects of different types of rainfall on runoff and sediment of typical plant measures in rocky mountain areas of Taihang were studied based on the observation of rainfall, runoff and sediment of a standard runoff plots and four plant measures runoff plots nearly five years (2006—2010) in Baima small watershed Changzhi city, Shanxi Province. The results showed that: 1)Erosive rainfall mainly concentrated in May to August in rocky mountain areas of Taihang. The number of erosive rainfall accounted for 54.55% of the total number of erosive rainfall in July and August, the precipitation of erosive rainfall accounted for 61.19% of the total precipitation of erosive rainfall, so the period was the key to the prevention and control of soil and water loss; 2)Runoff (R) and precipitation (P), maximum 30 min rainfall intensity (I30), the product of precipitation and maximum 30 min rainfall intensity (PI30) had positive correlation and significant at the 0.01 level; Erosion (E) and maximum 30 min rainfall intensity (I30), runoff (R), the product of precipitation and maximum 30 min rainfall intensity (PI30) had positive correlation and significant at the 0.01 level. 3)Under the condition of different types of rainfall, the runoff reduction benefits of 4 kinds of typical plant measures between 17.18%~91.86%, difference was obvious; Under the condition of B type rainfall, the runoff reduction benefits of 4 kinds of typical plant measures was the lowest, arbor was 43.38%, shrubs was 24.44%, artificial grass was 26.59%, natural slope was 17.18%; Under the condition of E type rainfall, the runoff reduction benefits of 4 kinds of typical plant measures was the largest, arbor was 89.29%, shrubs was 91.86%, artificial grass was 75.56%, natural slope was 66.22%; 4)Under the condition of different types of rainfall, the sediment reduction benefits were: arbor>shrub>artificial grass>natural slope; The influence of the largest precipitation of A type rainfall and the biggest maximum 30 min rainfall intensity of B type rainfall on the sediment reduction benefits of plant measures was remarkable. In conclusion, under the condition of different types of rainfall, the runoff and sediment reduction benefits of 4 kinds of plant measures was obvious; Plant measures could effectively control soil and water loss in the region.