In order to understand the effects of different vegetation types and coverage on the ways of nutrient loss of gravel soil slope, the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus loss through surface runoff, interflow and erosion under six different vegetation patterns were studied by the method of simulating runoff plots rainfall. The results showed that nitrogen loss of vegetation patterns reduced 0.91~4.60 times than bare slope, while phosphorus loss reduced 6.25~63.9 times, and nutrient control effect on slopes with different vegetation listed as follows: Shrub-grass slope>herb slope>shrub slope>bare slope. There was remarkable difference nitrogen and phosphorus loss characteristics through surface runoff, interflow and erosion of six different vegetation patterns. The main way of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in bare slope was eroded sediment, the main way of shrub slope was surface runoff, however, herb slope and shrub-grass slope was surface runoff and interflow. The main way of phosphorus loss in slope of herb, shrub and shrub-grass was eroded sediment and surface runoff. Vegetation coverage measures had a significant interception in the nitrogen and phosphorus loss on the bare slope of gravel soil. The main loss way of nitrogen and phosphorus transformed erosion sediment to non-erosion sediment essentially. Shrub coverage had a significant positive correlation with nitrogen and phosphorus runoff loss by surface runoff, and had a significant negative correlation with nitrogen and phosphorus loss by interflow.