Based on the analysis of soil water holding capacity,water interception of litters,soil infiltration ability and soil and water loss regime,the soil water conservation functions of several vegetation types Pinus yunnanensis forest,Pinus armandii forest,Pinus yunnanensis Quercus variabilis forest,Pinus yunnanensis Alnus nepalensis forest,Alnus nepalensis forest, Lithocarpus dealbatus forest,Quercus aquifolioides forest in Zhujiang fountainhead region were studied.The results indicates that:(1)due to the rich litters and its fast decomposition,the broad leaved forests have the strongest soil infiltration ability and water holding capacity,next the broad leaved and coniferous mixed forests,the coniferous forest is the poorest.(2)the surface runoff are increase by degrees that is the broad leaved and coniferous mixed forests,the broad leaved forests,the coniferous forest in turn.But there is a marked differences of which the highest runoff of Pinus yunnanensis needleleaved forest is 2.18 times of that the lowest Quercus aquifolioides forest and the highest silt amount of Pinus yunnanensis forest is 25.65 times of that the lowest Pinus yunnanensis Quercus variabilis mixed forest while a minors between the broad leaved forests and the broad leaved and coniferous mixed forests.(3)the soil water holding capacity of coniferous forest is poor while the broad leaved forests and the broad leaved and coniferous mixed forests are higher.