After the running of Three Gorges Reservoir, the riparian zone which the ecotone of water aquatic ecosystem and the terrestrial ecosystem will come into being. On the basis of investigating the type, distribution and area of riparian zone, studied the water and soil environment changed characteristic and analyzed the influence of the interactions of soil and water of riparian zone, some countermeasures such as buffers etc technologies have been proposed for the ecological environmental protection of the riparian zone.