Based on the field investigation and indoor analysis,we study on the characteristics of soil water-stable aggregates and soil properties during vegetation rehabilitation in typical grassland of hilly-gullied loess area,and analysis the relationship between them by canonical correlation analysis.The results show that: In terms of vegetation succession stages,the contents of big gravel soil water-stable aggregates increased,the >5 mm aggregate is priority in different layers,about 50%~80%.The 5~2 mm aggregate is second main component.The mean value of >5 mm aggregate in 2 m layers show that Stipa gradiss Community >Stipa bungana Trin Community>Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb community>Thymus mongolicus Ronn community>Hierochloe ordorata community.Physical clay,organic matter and total nitrogen are the key factors that influenced the total water-stable aggregates.Total nitrogen and organic matter are the comprehensive factor that influenced the water stable macroaggregates which are >5 mm and 1~0.5 mm.The ferralic oxide,ferralic aluminum and physical clay are the comprehensive factor which influence the water stable microaggregates which are 2~1 mm and 0.5~0.25 mm.The main factors can be divided into comprehensive physical factor(physical clay and clay),comprehensive chemical factor(total nitrogen,organic matter) and comprehensive mineral factor(ferralic oxide and ferralic aluminum).