The oil pipeline are "better than automobile in oil conveyance, but the constructing and laying of oil pipeline can influence environment a certain extent. Combining pipeline constructing and laying characteristic, it analyses the beneficial and unprofitable environment infection in detail, such as atmosphere water, sound, ecology , social environment. At last it compares the environment and social benefit between pipeline and automobile in oil conveyance, in order to put forward reference for pipeline and government decision 'making.