The province of Sichuan, the conjoint part of northwest, southwest and middle of China, lies in the upper reach of the Yangtze River. Since the key management engineering of soil and water loss in the upper reach of the Yangtze River was actualized in 1989,some achievements on soil and water conservation and ecological environment construction in Sichuan have been made. Basing on the computation of the third remote sensing data, soil and water loss in Sichuan ,that is the first environmental problem affecting Sichuan social and economic development, is still grievous. Speeding up Sichuan soil and water conservation and ecological environment construction and improving Sichuan ecological environment is a very urgent strategic task. As above, the author of the paper have brought forward some countermeasures and suggestions on how to construct Sichuan soil and water conservation and ecological environment, and hoped that these could service for Sichuan social economic continuous development.