The characteristics of fertility and microbe in paddy soil under a ten years no tillage and ridge culture are studied and contracted with those of soil under cultivated treatment.It shows:the organic matter,the total and the available quantity of N,P are rapidly increased after ten years of no tillage and ridge culture. But there is not any apparent difference on these characteristics of fertility between the upper and the under layer(0~7.5 cm,7.5~15 cm).The quantity of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes from the dilution method of counting and the micro biomass from the method of all samples arrived their highest points in spring and lowest in the early autumn generally. But the ranges changing with seasons of samples from no tillage and ridge culture are narrower than those of samples from cultivated treatment. And for the upper layer under no tillage and ridge culture,the quantity and micro biomass seemed even increased lightly from spring to summer and showed anti seasonal feature.