Artificial physiognomy formed by engineering measures had characters of completely bare surface and being disturbed by human activity obviously. On the bases of simulated rainfall, the rule of soil erosion, sediment and runoff yield, and influence factors of artificial physiognomy formed in construction period of railway and natural ground,were researched. The results showed that rainfall duration had a close relation to accumulated runoff, accumulated sediment yield, rate of sediment yield; at the same time, vegetative coverage,density of soil, and pre moisture in soil are main factors affecting yield sediment and runoff.