[Objective] This study aims to monitor the Fractional Vegetation Coverage（FVC）in the Chaohu Lake basin and analyze the spatial heterogeneity of its influencing factors， providing a scientific basis for environmental conservation and water resource allocation in the basin. [Methods] Using the Google Earth Engine （GEE）platform，FVC in the Chaohu Lake basin was calculated from 2000 to 2023. The Theil-Sen Median slope estimator，Mann-Kendall trend test，coefficient of variation，and Hurst index were applied to analyze the variation characteristics and trends. Furthermore，the geodetector and Multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression （MGWR）were employed to explore the spatial heterogeneity of spatiotemporal changes in vegetation and their influencing factors，and to visualize results. [Results] 1）Areas with FVC>0.4 accounted for 60.96% of the Chaohu Lake basin. From 2000 to 2023，FVC of the basin exhibited an overall upward trend，with 58.21% of its area showing vegetation improvement. However，the analysis suggested a potential reversal from greening to degradation in the future. 2）Geodetector analysis showed significant correlations between all influencing factors and FVC. Moreover， interactive detection demonstrated that two-factor interactions significantly strengthened the explanatory power for FVC. 3）MGWR results showed pronounced spatial heterogeneity in the effects of various influencing factors on vegetation across the Chaohu Lake basin. 4）Different influencing factors showed distinct scales of impact on FVC in the Chaohu Lake basin，with GDP，sunlight duration，and elevation as global-scale determinants， while the remaining factors were local-scale variables. [Conclusion] The findings effectively elucidate the spatial heterogeneity of different influencing factors，providing quantitative evidence and theoretical foundations for ecological conservation in the Chaohu Lake basin，which contributes to regional sustainable development.