[Objective] To explore the imbalance in the supply and demand of ecosystem services in Anhui Province and provide a reliable basis for regional ecological security pattern construction under the dual drive of global climate change and the intensifying socio-economic activities. [Methods] Anhui Province was selected as the study area. By integrating the InVEST model with the hotspot analysis method，the supply and demand of four key ecosystem services，i.e.，water yield，habitat quality，carbon storage，and soil conservation，in Anhui Province from 2003 to 2023 were systematically evaluated，along with the distribution patterns of comprehensive cold and hot spots. Circuit theory was employed to construct the ecological supply and demand pattern. [Results] 1）From 2003 to 2023，water yield initially decreased and then increased，with a spatial distribution pattern of more yield in the south and less yield in the north. The carbon storage showed a continuous decreasing trend. The habitat quality was higher in the south but lower in the north，showing an annual decline. Soil conservation initially decreased and then increased，with an overall upward trend. 2）From 2003 to 2023，the demand for water yield，carbon sequestration，and habitat services generally showed an upward trend. The demand for soil conservation services （soil erosion control）in Anhui Province demonstrated a significant downward trend overall. 3）The comprehensive supply hotspots of ecosystem services in Anhui Province showed a pattern of high in the south and southwest and low in the north. The comprehensive demand hotspots exhibited a pattern of being high in the northwest and lower in the southeast. The comprehensive supply and demand ratio was higher in the south and lower in the north. 4）The ecological supply and demand network in Anhui Province was constructed，identifying 40 supply sources and 36 demand sources，as well as 93 supply corridors and 96 demand corridors. [Conclusion] From the perspective of supply and demand relationship， a multi-objective coordinated ecological supply and demand network is constructed. An ecological supply and demand pattern is formed by building an ecological security barrier in the south and establishing corridors that connect the north，integrated with rivers and basins. This pattern maintains the balance between ecological supply and demand and ensures the normal functioning of the ecological network， providing a scientific basis for the optimal allocation of regional resources and sustainable ecosystem management. These findings help establish a decision-support system with both theoretical value and practical guidance significance.