[Objective] Land use is an important pathway through which human activities impact climate change. Exploring the mechanisms and effects of land use changes on regional climate is a key scientific issue for regulating global sustainable development. [Methods] Based on the RegCM 4.7 regional climate model with an output resolution of 50 km，the evolution of regional climate in China under land use changes from 2009 to 2018 was simulated，and the mechanisms of temperature and precipitation changes were explored from the perspectives of surface heat balance and low-level circulation field. [Results] 1）Land use changes had a more significant effect on temperature in the study area. 2）Different types of land use changes had different climatic effects：converting agricultural land to forest land led to an increase in summer temperature and precipitation，converting forest land to agricultural land decreased temperature， and converting agricultural land to construction land resulted in increased temperature but reduced precipitation. 3）The effects of land use changes on climate exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity（stronger response in the east than in the west）and seasonal differences，with stronger responses in summer temperature and precipitation. 4）Different land use type conversions regulated temperature and precipitation through different mechanisms. The conversion of agricultural land to construction land in East China increased summer temperature by 0.14 ℃ ，while forest expansion in South China increased precipitation. [Conclusion] The study verifies the applicability of the RegCM 4.7 model. The results offer a scientific basis for developing climate-resilient land spatial planning strategies.