[Objective] Soil saturated hydraulic conductivity（K_s）is a critical parameter reflecting the transport capacity of water and solutes in soil，and is crucial for understanding and predicting processes such as soil water movement and soil erosion. Investigating the variation patterns and influencing factors of K_s under different vegetation restoration patterns in gully catchment areas of the Loess Plateau is of great significance for improving regional soil and water loss. [Methods] Thirty-eight typical vegetation restoration plots in the Zhifanggou small watershed（5 bare lands，3 drylands， 8 arbor forests，3 other forests，5 shrub forests，and 14 other grasslands）were selected as the research objects. The K_s， soil physicochemical properties，and root characteristics of the 0-10 cm soil layer in different plots were measured. Spearman correlation analysis，partial least squares regression（PLSR），and multiple stepwise regression analysis were used to reveal the influencing mechanisms of vegetation restoration patterns on K_s，and the K_s prediction model was established. [Results] Significant differences in K_s were observed under different vegetation restoration patterns（p<0.05）. The average K_s values were ranked as follows：shrub forests（1.46 mm/min）>other forests（1.36 mm/min）> other grasslands（1.23 mm/min）>arbor forests（1.04 mm/min）>drylands（0.65 mm/min）>bare lands（0.15 mm/min）. Spearman analysis and the PLSR model indicated that sand content，clay content，bulk density，maximum water-holding capacity，non-capillary porosity，root volume density，root mass density，root mass density in 1-2 mm diameter classes，and root mass density in 0-1 mm diameter classes were important influencing factors on K_s. Stepwise linear regression showed that after adding root indicators，the explanatory capacity of the prediction model was significantly improved，indicating that intermediate roots significantly optimized K_s by expanding the pore network and offsetting compaction effects. [Conclusion] Vegetation restoration markedly enhances K_s by improving pore structure through root-soil interactions. The research results provide a scientific basis for optimizing ecological restoration project configurations and hydrological model parameterization in the Loess Plateau.