[Objective] Soil aggregates serve as crucial indicators of soil fertility，with their stability directly governing the physical，chemical，and biological characteristics of soil. Under saline-alkali conditions，however， aggregates are adversely impacted by high salinity and strong alkalinity，leading to structural degradation and functional deterioration，which severely constrains agricultural productivity. This article aims to summarize the disparities in aggregates between saline-alkali and non-saline-alkali soil and elucidate the factors influencing aggregate formation and stability under saline-alkali conditions. [Methods] The study explored methods and strategies for improving the saline-alkali soil aggregate structure，and the implications of non-saline-alkali soil aggregate research for saline-alkali soil. [Results] Comprehensive analysis indicated that saline-alkali conditions undermined soil structure，diminished microbial diversity and activity，and ultimately led to a decrease in the quantity of macro-aggregates， an increase in the proportion of micro-aggregates， and weakened aggregate stability. In contrast，non-saline-alkali soil exhibited higher quantities of both macro-aggregates and micro-aggregates，a well-defined hierarchical distribution，rich biodiversity，and enhanced aggregate stability，mainly attributed to abundant organic matter content and more dynamic microbial activities. [Conclusion] To improve the aggregate structure of saline-alkali soil，an integrated approach combining hydraulic，physical，chemical，and biological measures is essential. This comprehensive strategy needs to focus on reducing soil salinity and alkalinity levels，regulating soil pH，improving soil structure，enhancing water retention capacity，and increasing nutrient availability. Future research should prioritize developing innovative techniques for aggregate structure assessment， optimizing soil amendment technologies，and integrating multi-scale data to facilitate progressive improvement of saline-alkali soil properties and support sustainable agriculture development.