[Objective]Land use change is an important driving factor affecting soil carbon storage changes. In order to further explore the impact of land use and cover change (LUCC) on carbon storage of specific soil types in Northeast China. [Methods]this study used land cover data to analyze the relationship between land use change and soil types in Northeast China from 1990 to 2020, and to explore its impact mechanism on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. [Results]The results showed that: (1) land use change is dominated by the decrease in the area of cropland and wetland, and the increase in the area of forest and grassland (1535-4213 km2). (2) The decrease in cropland area was mainly converted into grassland (64%), other land (29%) and forest (6%). Among them, meadow soil, dark brown soil and chernozem soil were the main soil types. The areas with reduced wetlands were mainly distributed in black soil and meadow soil areas. When other land use types were converted into forest land and grassland, the main soil types involved were dark brown soil (15%-41%) and meadow soil. (3) In the past 30 years, the study area was generally in a carbon source state, and the total SOC decreased by 0.046 Pg. Specifically, the SOC storage of grassland and forest increased by 0.102 Pg and 0.283 Pg, respectively, while the SOC storage of cropland and wetland decreased by 0.111 Pg and 0.007 Pg, respectively, and the SOC storage of other land use types decreased by 0.313 Pg. (4) Long-term cultivation (main soil types: meadow soil, Aeolian sandy soil and Albic soil) caused a loss of 0.341 Pg in SOC storage; the reclamation of natural land (woodland and grassland) caused a loss of 5.79% and 4.32% in SOC, respectively. [Conclusion]In summary, the negative SOC storage in Northeast China is mainly caused by extensive land type conversion and long-term cultivation. In the future, we should focus on the restoration of long-term cultivated land (mainly meadow soil) and the protection of natural land.