连续降雨条件下晋西黄绵土坡面径流路径及微地形变化
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陈红(1999—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事水文与水资源研究。E-mail:chenhong0526@link.tyut.edu.cn

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S157.1

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国家自然科学基金项目(51309173)


Changes in Runoff Paths and Micro-topography on Loessial Soil Slope in Western Shanxi Province under Continuous Rainfall Conditions
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    摘要:

    目的]为阐明连续降雨条件下坡面径流路径与微地形变化特征及其对侵蚀产沙的影响。[方法]以具有典型代表性的晋西黄绵土坡面为研究对象,开展室内人工模拟降雨试验,降雨强度为30、60、90 mm/h,坡长3 m,宽1 m,坡度15°。[结果]坡面产流速率随着雨强的增大由144.84 mL/(min·m2)增至978.02 mL/(min·m2),并且随降雨场次的增加增速加快,达到稳定的时间由24 min减小到15 min。产沙方面,不同降雨强度下产沙速率的变化趋势呈显著差异,30 mm/h的雨强下,场降雨平均产沙速率由最初的0.08 g/(min·m2)随产流历时延长逐渐增加后趋于稳定为0.13~0.42 g/(min·m2);而在60、90 mm/h雨强下,场降雨平均产沙速率随产流历时分别由2.02、2.76 g/(min·m2)逐渐减少,后分别稳定在0.55~0.99、0.50~0.83 g/(min·m2)。30 mm/h条件下,坡面径流路径分布相对随机,而在90 mm/h条件下的第4场降雨后,形成1条长4.45 m的主要流路,并贯穿整个坡面,径流连通程度增加,流路稳定发展。地表粗糙度、切割度的值由坡面上部至下部依次增大,并且随着降雨强度的增加,高值区面积占比由33.09%、18.74%增至53.63%、30.80%。[结论]研究结果为连续降雨条件下晋西黄绵土坡面径流连通过程及微地形变化的深入理解及水土流失治理提供科学依据。

    Abstract:

    Objective]This study aimed to elucidate the characteristics of slope runoff paths and microtopography changes under continuous rainfall conditions,as well as their impact on erosion and sediment yield.[Methods]Indoor artificial simulated rainfall experiments were conducted on typical loessial soil slopes in western Shanxi Province,with rainfall intensities of 30,60 and 90 mm/h,a slope length of 3 m, width of 1 m,and gradient of 15°.[Results]The runoff generation rate increased from 144.84 mL/(min·m2)to 978.02 mL/(min·m2)with the increase of rainfall intensity,and the time to reach stability decreased from 24 min to 15 min as rainfall events increased. In terms of sediment yield,there were significant differences in the variation trend of sediment yield rate under different rainfall intensities. Under the rainfall intensity of 30 mm/h,the average sediment yield rate increased gradually from the initial 0.08 g/(min·m2)with the extension of runoff duration and then tended to be stable(0.13-0.42 g/(min·m2)). In contrast,under the rainfall intensity of 60 and 90 mm/h,the average sediment yield rate decreased gradually from 2.02 g/(min·m2) to 2.76 g/(min·m2),and then stabilized at 0.55-0.99 g/(min·m2)and 0.50-0.83 g/(min·m2). Under 30 mm/h rainfall,the distribution of runoff paths on the slope was relatively random. After the fourth rainfall event at 90 mm/h,a main flow path with a length of 4.45 m formed and extended through the entire slope. The degree of runoff connectivity increased,and the flow paths developed steadily. The values of surface roughness and cutting degree increased from the upper to the lower part of the slope,and the proportion of high-value areas increased from 33.09% and 18.74% to 53.63% and 30.80%,respectively,as rainfall intensity increased.[Conclusion]The results provide a scientific basis for a deeper understanding of the runoff connectivity process and micro-topography changes on loessial soil slope surface in western Shanxi Province under continuous rainfall conditions,as well as for soil erosion control.

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陈红, 付兴涛.连续降雨条件下晋西黄绵土坡面径流路径及微地形变化[J].水土保持学报,2025,39(3):78~87,96

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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-18
  • 最后修改日期:2025-02-19
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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-06-24
  • 出版日期: 2025-06-28
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