［Objective］This study aimed to explore the characteristics and functions of water conservation in karst regions， in order to provide theoretical support for understanding its intrinsic mechanisms and improving comprehensive assessment methods.［Methods］The conceptual development，ecological functions，assessment techniques，and research methods of water conservation were reviewed. Based on the ecological，geological，and hydrological characteristics of karst regions， the unique features and ecological functions of karst water conservation were discussed，insights and recommendations for future research were offered.［Results］1）Karst water conservation significantly differs from non-karst areas in terms of rock-soil structure，hydrogeological conditions，and eco-hydrological processes. 2）The main functions of karst water conservation include water storage，regulation，and supply. 3）Suggest utilizing high-precision geophysical detection technologies to enhance quantitative research on karst subsurface structures，improving understanding of karst underground systems，and strengthening research on the influence of karst subsurface structures on hydrological processes and water conservation capacity，and quantify their contributions to water conservation. Based on the characteristics of karst subsurface structures and the spatial development patterns of aquifers，optimizing existing models and developing new evaluation methods based on long-term watershed monitoring data from karst regions. Increasing awareness and emphasis on the importance of karst underground water conservation and advocating for its prioritization， suggesting that water conservation should be considered as equally critical as soil conservation in karst regions. ［Conclusion］Future research on karst water conservation should focus on subsurface hydrological processes， integrate multidisciplinary approaches to improve the karst water conservation assessment system and advance both theoretical and practical applications.