[Objective] The investigation of temporal and spatial variations in soil erosion and its influencing factors in Yunlong County is of great significance for the advancement of featured agriculture，management and restoration of ecological environment，and soil erosion control in alpine and canyon regions. [Methods] The GIS and RUSLE model were employed to simulate the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of soil erosion in Yunlong County from 2000 to 2020. The relationship between featured agriculture and soil erosion was analyzed. By considering influential factors such as elevation，slope，annual average rainfall，vegetation coverage，and land use type，the quantitative attribution of soil erosion was examined using a geographic probe model. [Results] 1）From 2000 to 2020，the average erosion modulus in Yunlong County exhibited a decreasing trend across five stages（each stage included five years），being 1 644，1 085，878，661 and 467 t/（km²·a），respectively，and the overall soil erosion shifted from moderate to mild intensity. 2）Over the past 20 years，there was a significant increase in proportion of the area where soil erosion had been improved，with an increase of 48.45%，while the proportion of area experiencing soil erosion deterioration only increased by 4.23%， indicating an overall trend of decline and improvement in erosion grades. 3）Soil erosion in Yunlong County was predominantly concentrated within the elevation range of 2 000~2 500 m and slopes between 15°~25° . 4）The soil and water conservation capacity of typical featured agriculture in Yunlong County followed the order of pickled walnut>Chinese herbal medicine under the forest>ecological green tea>Maidiwan pear. 5）The influencing factors for soil erosion in Yunlong County ranked as the order of vegetation coverage > altitude > slope > annual average rainfall>land use type， with the corresponding q values being 0.401 0，0.142 0，0.117 5，0.115 9 and 0.046 6，respectively. Notably，the interaction between vegetation coverage and slope exhibited the strongest explanatory power with a q value of 0.82. [Conclusion] Overall soil erosion in Yunlong County has shown effective improvement over a span of two decades. During this period，there had been a weakening trend in soil erosion accompanied by an increase in vegetation coverage. Future attention should be directed towards monitoring changes in soil erosion within altitudes ranging from 2 000~2 500 m and slopes between 15° ~25° in Yunlong County while ensuring proper implementation of measures to develop featured agriculture and restore the microtopography on slopes to mitigate risks associated with further deterioration of soil erosion.