[Objective] This study systematically summarized and analyzed the current application status, technical characteristics, and environmental benefits of interlayer construction in soil improvement, nutrient cycling, ecological restoration, and crop management, aiming to provide scientific basis and theoretical support for improving modern agriculture's quality, efficiency, and sustainable development. [Methods] The effects and regulation mechanisms of interlayer construction on soil physical structure, soil water-salt-heat, soil nutrient status, soil enzyme activities, soil microbial properties, and crop productivity were comprehensively addressed. [Results] Interlayer construction could improve soil structure, nutrient content, ecosystem service functions, and agricultural production efficiency, but the responses process to interlayer mode selection and farmland management measures have shown differences. [Conclusion] The critical scientific problems and future development directions that need to be solved in the process of agricultural development and ecological governance were provided. It primarily involves exploring the response mechanism and residual effects of water and salt regulation, nutrient release, and habitat succession on the interlayer-soil-microbial-crop system in depth. This also includes developing and integrating cost-effective and practical interlayer laying technology and supporting equipment, as well as screening and optimizing key technologies and operational parameters for interlayer construction suitable for various climate conditions, soil textures, crop layouts, and farmland management methods. Furthermore, it aims to expand and validate the practical application effects and successful pathways of interlayer construction technology. Within the framework of the dual carbon development pattern and multiple strategic overlapping context, the focus and direction of future research will be on innovating and technologically transforming new interlayer materials based on the efficient utilization of solid waste resources.