[Objective] Kuye River Basin is the main source of erosion in the coarse sand area in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. The study is aimed at elucidating the spatio-temporal pattern of soil erosion, predicting the development trend of soil erosion in Kuye River Basin and providing decision support for the comprehensive control of soil erosion in the future. [Methods] Based on the multi-source data from 2010 to 2020, the spatial distribution of soil erosion in the Kuye River Basin was studied, and the characteristics of soil erosion intensity change were analyzed by using quantitative indicators such as dynamic degree of soil erosion intensity, information entropy of soil erosion intensity, comprehensive index of soil erosion intensity and transfer matrix. The CA-Markov model was established to predict the soil erosion in 2025. [Results] (1) The soil erosion intensity in the study area was mainly in micro and mild erosion, accounting for more than 70% of the total area, and stronger erosion was mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the basin and tributary Beiniuchuan. From 2010 to 2020, the average soil erosion decreased from 1 955.56 t/(km²·a) to 892.98 t/(km²·a), the area of micro erosion increased significantly, and the area of other erosion intensity decreased correspondingly. The soil erosion intensity remained unchanged or decreased in most regions, and only less than 3% of the regions experienced increased erosion intensity. (2) The dynamic degree of intensity, extreme intensity and extreme erosion in Kuye River Basin changed greatly, the information entropy of soil erosion intensity decreased steadily from 1.29 to 0.81, the comprehensive index of soil erosion intensity decreased from 178.96 to 76.61 and the decline rate was higher in the first five years, and the change of soil erosion intensity in the basin to the weakening direction mainly occurred between the two adjacent erosion intensity levels. (3) CA-Markov model simulation shows that, it is expected that by 2025, the soil erosion situation in the basin will be further improved, with the proportion of micro erosion accounted more than 75%. [Conclusion] From 2010 to 2020, the soil erosion situation in the study area continued to improve, and the control efficiency of soil erosion in the next five years was higher, and the soil erosion situation in the basin would be further improved in 2025.